Abstract
4 K Gifford-McMahon/Joule-Thomson cryocoolers, which have refrigeration capacity rating of 3.5 W at 4.3 K and efficiency relative to Carnot 4%, were developed. One prototype has operated for 20,000 hours without JT service and several other units for 10,000 hours each in the field. No JT blockage problems have been observed. Several types of interface were also developed for application, e.g., recondensing helium in the cryostat for MRI or single crystal growth, and cooling sensors or mixers for far-infrared wave measurements.
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