Development of 3-USR Type Spatial 6-DOF Parallel Mechanism with Large Workspace—Proposal of 3-USR Mechanism and Design of Spherical 5-Link Mechanism to Replace Active Universal Pairs (U)—

Abstract

In this paper, we present a 3-USR-type 6-degree-of-freedom (6-DOF) parallel mechanism characterized by an expansive workspace. This mechanism consists of three coupling chains, each comprising a universal pair (U), a spherical pair (S), and a rotational pair (R), in sequence from the stationary base. To achieve a large workspace, the three stationary universal pairs are designated as active pairs, with their rotational axes intersecting at a single point, thereby creating a hemispherical workspace akin to that of a serial mechanism. To implement the active universal pair within a parallel mechanism, we replaced the spherical 5-link mechanism, which originally featured two stationary active rotational pairs, with stationary active universal pairs, and conducted an inverse kinematics analysis. Subsequently, we assessed the expansive workspace of the spherical 5-link mechanism, a key factor influencing the working area of the 3-USR-type 6-DOF parallel mechanism, by examining its motion transmissibility. Based on this evaluation, we designed two compact mechanisms that provide a large workspace and allow for the configuration of all three rotational axes to intersect at a single point. We experimentally investigated the relationship between motion transmissibility and rigidity for these two types of spherical 5-link mechanisms, demonstrating that motion transmissibility can serve as an indicator of rigidity. Finally, a prototype of the 3-USR mechanism was fabricated.