Abstract
Land erosion is the impact of increasing runoff discharge and land use conversion to impervious areas. Land erosion usually calculated by formula called USLE (Universal Soil Loss Equation) then modified as MUSLE (Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation). These formula calculate average annual soil loss in tons/areas depends on rainfall erosivity (R), soil erodibility factor (K), topographic factor (LS), cropping and conservation factor (CP). GIS (Geographic Information System) is a system designed to capture, manipulate, and analyze spatial/geographic data. There are some tools related water resources analysis in ArcGIS such as: watershed analysis and also have a tools for user to create their own model called model builder. This research was aim to create a model to calculate land erosion using MUSLE formula by model builder in ArcGIS. The output for this research is the model which can be used to calculate annual soil loss in watershed area based on GIS systems. For the model trial and case study, we use Citepus watershed located on Bandung West Java, that has 5 river branches: Cibogo, Cikakak, Cilimus, Cipedes and Ciroyom. As the result of the model, the value of average annual soil loss in Citepus watershed can be calculated automatically by developed model.
Highlights
Flood and inundation has occurred because of incapability of drainage channel/river to collect runoff flow. This lack of capacity can caused by sedimentation in river bank/drainage channel, that sourced by land erosion
Based on Mondal (2017), there is a significant variation in the rate of soil erosion only by using different Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the same resolution and by aggregating the resolution of all DEMs. the SRTM DEM performs better than the ASTER and the CARTOSAT DEMs in assessing the accuracy
Watershed boundary analysis was done by 2 step: cropping SRTM topography map using Mapper and watershed boundary analysis using ArcGIS 10.0
Summary
The erosion process of soil particle on the surface watershed usually called land erosion. Sediment discharge which is resulted by land erosion is the one of sediment input in the river beside bank erosion. As a result of runoff from rainfall, soil particles on the surface of a watershed can be eroded and transported through the processes of sheet, rill, and gully erosion. Sediment particles are transported through a river system and are eventually deposited in reservoirs, in lakes, or at sea. Flood and inundation has occurred because of incapability of drainage channel/river to collect runoff flow. This lack of capacity can caused by sedimentation in river bank/drainage channel, that sourced by land erosion
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