Abstract
This study describes the development environments of subsidence dolines based on literary data (development environments create favorable conditions for the local denudation of superficial deposit and thus, for the development of depressions). Development environments are the inclination of the bearing surface, the secondary porosity of the bedrock, the characteristics of the cover, water influx into the cover, karstwater and groundwater, melting permafrost, and anthropogenic activity. These may become optimal when controlled by various geological, geomorphological, and climatic factors. Development environments may be qualitative (there is doline development in case of its presence) and quantitative (doline development occurs in case of suitable quantitative values). The development environment groups of subsidence dolines are environment groups independent of water level, environment groups dependent on water level, and anthropogenic environment groups. In the case of an environment group independent of water level, surface morphology, cover characteristics, geomorphic evolution, and water supply are determining, while in case of an environment group dependent of water level, subsurface water level and its fluctuations and the characteristics of rainfalls interrupting dry seasons are crucial. Anthropogenic impacts mainly affect doline development through water balance.
Highlights
The aim of this study is to take into consideration development environments, effects, and their varieties, which result in the development of subsidence dolines and their varieties
The development environment of the subsidence dolines is predetermined by the secondary porosity of the bedrock, the inclination of the bearing surface, the characteristics of the cover, bedrock hydrology, water level changes, thaw permafrost, and anthropogenic activity
- Development environment group being independent of water level, when development is mainly affected by the surface morphology and cover characteristics
Summary
The aim of this study is to take into consideration development environments, effects, and their varieties, which result in the development of subsidence dolines and their varieties. Subsidence dolines develop during the material rearrangement and material loss of the cover at sites where secondary porosity is great or increases on the bedrock by which some part of the cover is locally transported into the bedrock. Material from the cover may get into the bedrock through slow and fast (collapse) material transport In the latter case if it loses its stability and dropout dolines are formed. Measurements have shown that a drop of groundwater level may trigger cavity development (with the collapse of the latter, doline development) without the water level sinking below the surface of the bedrock [31] It probably occurs when material is reworked from the lower part of the cover into the karstic rock and porosity increases. The water of the lake is present in the terrain between the dolines
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