Abstract
Protonated Sawdust Biochar Chitosan Composite Bead (PSCCB) biosorbent was prepared to compare its defluoridation capacity against raw chitosan from synthetic fluoride solution. Chitosan sawdust biochar beads were chemically modified via crosslinking and protonation to utilize amine and hydroxyl functional groups to enhance defluoridation. Adsorbents were characterized by BET, SEM, XRD, FTIR and zero point charge analysis. High pore volume of PSCCB yielded higher surface area of 57.97 m2/g after modification. Batch experiments revealed that PSCCB has an excellent defluoridation capacity of more than 90% at pH 7 within an equilibrium time of 60 min. Experimental data of PSCCB fitted well with Langmuir isotherm model and followed pseudo second order kinetic model. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of PSCCB was 4.413 mg/g. The dominant mechanism of fluoride removal was proposed as formation of hydrogen bonds with protonated amines in PSCCB. Field trials were conducted on groundwater samples collected from three distinct locations.
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