Abstract
Climate change significantly affects water supply availability due to changes in the magnitude and seasonality of runoff and severe drought events. In the case of Korea, despite a high water supply ratio, more populations have continued to suffer from restricted regional water supplies. Though Korea enacted the Long-Term Comprehensive Water Resources Plan, a field survey revealed that the regional government organizations limitedly utilized their drought-related data. These limitations present a need for a system that provides a more intuitive drought review, enabling a more prompt response. Thus, this study presents a rating curve for the available number of water intake days per flow, and reviews and calibrates the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model mediators, and found that the coefficient of determination, Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), and percent bias (PBIAS) from 2007 to 2011 were at 0.92%, 0.84%, and 7.2%, respectively, which were “very good” levels. The flow recession curve was proposed after calculating the daily long-term flow and extracted the flow recession trends during days without precipitation. In addition, the SWAT model’s flow data enables the quantitative evaluations of the number of available water intake days without precipitation because of the high hit rate when comparing the available number of water intake days with the limited water supply period near the study watershed. Thus, this study can improve drought response and water resource management plans.
Highlights
Climate change threatens hydrologic systems, availability of water supply resources, and water supply capabilities [1,2]
The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model is a semi-distributed long-term flow model that is more efficient as a dry season model compared with the Tank model and is more reliable than other semi-distributed models, such as the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) model and the Hydrological Simulation Program-Fortran (HSPF) model [45,46]
Where SWt is the final soil water content, SW0 is the initial soil water content on day i, t is the time, Rday is the amount of precipitation on day i, Qsur f is the amount of surface runoff on day i, Ea is the amount of evapotranspiration on day i, ωseep is the amount of water entering the vadose zone from the soil profile on day i, and Q gw is the amount of return flow on day i
Summary
Climate change threatens hydrologic systems, availability of water supply resources, and water supply capabilities [1,2]. The SWAT model has been chosen for this study because it is applicable to various water sources, including rivers and dams, and capable of calculating long-term flow rates [18,19,20,21]. It has been verified for drought assessment in Asia, Europe, North America, South America, and other regions worldwide [22,23,24,25], and it has been conducted to couple the runoff results into input data of other models [26,27].
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