Development and validation of the DGT technique using the novel cryogel for measuring dissolved Hg(II) in the estuary

Abstract

The complex seawater matrix has significantly influenced the determination of estuarine dissolved Hg(II), hindering its monitoring and risk assessment in maricultural areas. In this work, SiO2-SH-DGT assembled by the sulfhydryl-modified silica cryogel (SiO2-SH cryogel) as the novel binding phase was developed to tackle this problem. The uniform dispersion of the cryogel into binding gel was advantageous for achieving remarkable and comparable capacity, which endowed the estimated diffusion coefficient (D) to be 1.39–3.08 times of the existing research. The SiO2-SH-DGT performance was independent of pH (3–9), ionic strength (10–800 mM), fulvic acid at low content, and seawater matrix (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl−), but the high content of Mg2+ did interfere with the Hg(II) accumulation, which manifested as competitive adsorption and diffusion. Therefore, the calibrated model was established by calibrating accumulated mass (M′) and diffusion coefficient (D′) based on the Mg2+ concentration, its high accuracy was further verified in the lab. Finally, SiO2-SH-DGT was deployed in the three typical aquaculture areas in Beibu Gulf, field trials achieved the actual Hg(II) level to be 1.52–5.38 ng/L with consideration of the diffusion boundary layer. The finding could provide new thought and technical support for metal pollution monitoring in estuary maricultural areas.