Abstract
BackgroundEvidence-based practice (EBP) education or training are considered fundamental to building and strengthening an EBP culture, as well as to encouraging evidence-based academic and clinical practice in the nursing community. However, few valid and reliable instruments are available for the assessment of EBP teaching and learning in clinical nurses in China. Translation, reliability, and validity testing of the English Evidence-Based Practice Profile Questionnaire (EBP2Q), which has strong psychometric properties, may encourage evaluation and promote the implementation of EBP in Mainland China.MethodsBased on established guidelines for the development of questionnaires, the English EBP2Q was translated and cross-culturally adapted. The Chinese version of the EBP2Q (EBP2Q-C) was validated using a sample of 543 nurses. Structural validity was evaluated through exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis, and the questionnaire was tested for convergent and criterion validity. The internal consistency and test-retest reliability were also evaluated.ResultsThe content validity index demonstrated good content validity (≥0.98). An eight-factor structure was obtained in the exploratory factor analysis, and verified by a three-order factor model from the confirmatory factor analysis (χ2/df = 2.001; RMSEA = 0.065; SRMR = 0.077; and CFI = 0.884). The Spearman’s rank correlation analysis of the EBP2Q-C with the Evidence-Based Practice Questionnaire showed moderate correlations for Practice (0.58) and Confidence (0.68) and a low correlation for Sympathy (0.32). Criterion validity was demonstrated by significant differences in terms of nurses’ highest education, present position, EBP training, involvement in research programs, and level of understanding of English. Both the overall Cronbach’s α and the Cronbach’s α for the domains exceeded 0.70. The intraclass correlation coefficients for the domains ranged between 0.75 and 0.96, indicating satisfactory repeatability.ConclusionsExcept for the convergent validity of the Sympathy domain, the EBP2Q-C provided evidence of validity and reliability. Therefore, it can be applied in EBP education or training assessment in Mainland China.
Highlights
Evidence-based practice (EBP) education or training are considered fundamental to building and strengthening an EBP culture, as well as to encouraging evidence-based academic and clinical practice in the nursing community
The Chinese Evidence-based practice questionnaire (EBPQ) was used in a multiple center cross-sectional study of 648 Chinese registered nurses [32]
Results of stage 1: translation and adaptation of the Evidence-Based Practice profile questionnaire (EBP2Q) Translation In the forward-backward translation process from the original EBP2Q, most of the changes were related to terms and phrases that were meaningful in the context of Chinese culture
Summary
Evidence-based practice (EBP) education or training are considered fundamental to building and strengthening an EBP culture, as well as to encouraging evidence-based academic and clinical practice in the nursing community. Translation, reliability, and validity testing of the English Evidence-Based Practice Profile Questionnaire (EBP2Q), which has strong psychometric properties, may encourage evaluation and promote the implementation of EBP in Mainland China. As one of the largest groups of healthcare workers, there is an increasing demand for nurses, to incorporate the best evidence into clinical decision making. This will assist institutions to achieve valued and cost-efficient evidence-based health care [8]. Studies indicate that both nursing students and practicing nurses are still not ready for and competent in EBP [9, 10] This may be due to a lack of understanding of EBP and/or to not knowing how to apply the research evidence into practical patient care [4, 10]
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