Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is considered one of the biggest threats to public health and has become a major concern for governments and international organizations. Combating this problem starts with improving global surveillance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and applying standardized protocols, both in a clinical and environmental context, in agreement with the One Health approach. Exceptional efforts should be directed to controlling ARGs conferring resistance to Critically Important Antimicrobials (CIA). In this study, a systematic literature review to synthesize data on the identification of mcr genes using a PCR technique was performed. Additionally, a novel set of PCR primers for mcr-1 – mcr-9 genes detection was proposed. The developed primers were in silico and experimentally validated by comparison with mcr-specific PCR primers reported in the literature. This validation, besides being a proof-of-concept for primers’ usefulness, provided insight into the distribution of mcr genes in municipal wastewater, clay and river sediments, glacier moraine, manure, seagulls and auks feces and daphnids from four countries. This analysis proved that commonly used primers may deliver false results, and some mcr genes may be overlooked in tested samples. Newly-developed PCR primers turned out to be relevant for the screening of mcr genes in various environments.
Highlights
Antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are considered some of the biggest threats to public health and have become a major concern for governments and international orga nizations (Ventola, 2015)
Taking into account the impor tance of tracking mcr-1 and mcr-3 genes in various environmental settings, we developed a quantitative Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocols for testing the abundance of these genes using primers designed in this study
PCR screening is one of the most common approaches for molecular genotyping in the surveillance of antibiotic resistance genes as emerging pollutants in various environments
Summary
Antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are considered some of the biggest threats to public health and have become a major concern for governments and international orga nizations (Ventola, 2015). The detection of ARB and ARGs required ever-increasingly comprehensive methods of investiga tion. This way of thinking is a cornerstone of the One Health approach, a multidisciplinary concept combining the efforts of a wide range of specialists seeking to find solutions to preserve public health. It was emphasized that for the efficiency of screening procedures and preventing AR dissemination, antibiotics should be categorized according to their clinical significance. This allows estab lishing a list of antibiotics critically important for medicine, i.e., drugs of the last resort, that need special attention and protection from AR development
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
