Abstract
The crash test dummy, an important tool for car crash safety tests, is of great significance to explore the injury biomechanics of the occupants and improve the safety performance of the vehicle. The article mainly consists of four parts: brief introduction of injury mechanism, early experiments for obtaining biomechanical response (animal tests, cadaver tests, and volunteer tests), and development and validation of mechanical dummies and computational models. This study finds that the current crash test dummies are generally designed based on European and American, so they have limitations on the damage prediction of other regions. Further research in the crash test dummy needs the participation of various countries in order to develop a crash test dummy that meets the national conditions of each country. Simultaneously, it is necessary to develop dummies of vulnerable groups, such as the elderly dummy and obese people dummy.
Highlights
Automobiles provide great convenience and quickness for people’s life and make a great contribution to the economy and social development
According to the World Road Safety Global Status Report on Road Safety 2015 issued by the World Health Organization, it can be seen that the number of people who died from traffic accidents is roughly around 1.25 million every year, which means that one person is killed in traffic accidents every 25 seconds on a global scale
The main purpose of crash test dummy used as a substitute for human in car collisions is to determine the injury severity to human body caused by the accident
Summary
Automobiles provide great convenience and quickness for people’s life and make a great contribution to the economy and social development. The total direct property losses caused by the accident were 103,692 million yuan, of which the total number of injured people w s 199,880, and the death toll was 58,022 These shocking figures all indicate that improving the safety protection for occupants and reducing the casualties caused by traffic accidents have become an important issue to be solved urgently. Researchers used human corpses as surrogates to collect data on human injuries caused by accidents in crash experiments and subsequently adopted animals and volunteers as crash surrogates. These experiments provided valuable data for collision safety, they were gradually abandoned due to restrictions such as ethical and moral constraints, physiological function differences, experimental risks, and experimental irreproducibility. The third and fourth aspects introduce the development and verification process of the mechanical dummies and computational models used in crash test
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