Abstract
Senna occidentalis Link (Fabaceae), known as “fedegoso”, is used in folk medicine due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, muscle relaxant and inhibiting lipid peroxidation imputed to flavonoids contained in its composition. The species is also a constituent of processed products are commercialized in various parts of the world including Brazil, although there are few reports in the literature about the development of an analytical method for quantification of flavonoids in it. The main purpose of this research was the evaluation of an analytical methodology to determinate the content of total flavonoids in leaves of S. occidentalis, for quality control. The parameters evaluated were: drug: solvent ratio, concentration of aluminum chloride and reaction time. The quantification of total flavonoids was obtained after reaction with aluminum chloride by UV/Vis spectrophotometry. The results revealed a maximum absorption peak (λ = 392 nm) was the amount of 0.5 g of a plant raw in 100 mL of solvent and there were no significant influences between the concentrations of aluminum chloride or hydroalcoholic solutions analyzed. The evaluation of reaction time allowed to characterize the kinetics as slow, stabilizing from 60 min, choosing this as reading time. The method was specific, linear, precise, accurate and robust, according to the specifications set in RDC n. 166/2017. Finally, the results of the study showed that the measured methodology is simple and accurate and can be applied for quality assessment of the species S. occidentalis.
Highlights
Senna occidentalis Link (Fabaceae), popularly known as fedegoso, mata pasto, manjerioba, or café negro, is a native species of the Neotropics, can be found in almost all Brazilian territory, being a frequent invader of pasture areas, orchards, roadsides and cultivated soils, especially with soybean (Ish et al, 2019; Scheidegger & Rando, 2020).Phytochemical and pharmacological studies performed with leaves and fruits of S. occidentalis proved that this species stands out as the majority source of anthraquinones and flavonoids compounds, with anti-inflammatory activity, muscle relaxant, and inhibiting lipid peroxidation associated with the presence of flavonoids (Issa et al, 2021)
Several techniques can be employed for the determination of flavonoids in herbal material, and the ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV/Vis) of great applicability due to its operational simplicity, speed, low cost of implementation and wide availability in control laboratories quality (Luo et al, 2011; Lozada-Ramírez et al, 2021)
In the evaluation of extractive solutions prepared with three concentrations of the solvent (30, 40 and 50%) were obtained total flavonoid content (TFC) expressed in vitexin, 2.86 ± 0.009 (0.34%), 3.03 ± 0.037 (1.23%) and 2.75 ± 0.016 (0.61%) mg/mL, respectively
Summary
Senna occidentalis Link (Fabaceae), popularly known as fedegoso, mata pasto, manjerioba, or café negro, is a native species of the Neotropics, can be found in almost all Brazilian territory, being a frequent invader of pasture areas, orchards, roadsides and cultivated soils, especially with soybean (Ish et al, 2019; Scheidegger & Rando, 2020).Phytochemical and pharmacological studies performed with leaves and fruits of S. occidentalis proved that this species stands out as the majority source of anthraquinones and flavonoids compounds, with anti-inflammatory activity, muscle relaxant, and inhibiting lipid peroxidation associated with the presence of flavonoids (Issa et al, 2021). There are studies in the literature related to the research of anthraquinones in this species, in the case of flavonoids, references about the analytical development are still scarce, judging by the importance of this metabolite in the composition of the plant. Flavonoids, an important group within the polyphenolic compounds derived from the secondary metabolism of plants, chemical and pharmacological markers are of great importance for the quality control of medicinal plants and herbal products (Petry et al, 2001; Soares et al, 2003; Ramos et al, 2017). Some procedures were developed to decrease the amount of interferences that may compromise the absorption of the compounds of interest to the study, among which the use of aluminum chloride (AlCl3) (Ramos et al, 2017; de Araújo et al., 2021). The aluminum cations form complexes with the labile acid with the flavonoids in methanol, occurring in the spectrophotometric analysis a bathochromic displacement to longer wavelength and an increasing of absorption (Mabry et al, 1970)
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