Development and Validation of an Instrument to Measure Patient Satisfaction with Pharmacy Services

Abstract

A research program was undertaken to develop and validate a multidimensional measure of patient satisfaction with pharmacy services. A self-administered questionnaire consisting of 44 Likert-type attitudinal items was adapted from the Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire developed by Ware et al. In an iterative scale development process, the adapted questionnaire and its revisions were evaluated in three successive studies conducted on convenience samples (n = 30, 313, 489) of individuals in attendance at family practice clinics in a southwestern city. Methods used to construct multi-item scales measuring separate dimensions of service included principal components factor analysis and item analyses. Acquiescent response set (ARS), the tendency to agree with statements of opinion regardless of content, was measured by the method of matched pairs of items. A partial correlation matrix which controlled for ARS was used as the data in a principal components factor analysis in an effort to reduce the biasing effect of ARS on factor analytic outcomes. Dimensions of satisfaction identified were Explanation, Consideration, Technical Competence, Financial Aspects, Accessibility, Drug Efficacy, OTC (over-the-counter) Product Availability, and Quality of the Drug Product. Questionnaire revision is suggested to confirm the validity of the latter two dimensions Future research should examine the relationship between separate dimensions of satisfaction and other patient attitudes and behaviors, and the convergence between this instrument and other measures of patient satisfaction with pharmacy services.