Abstract
Bisphenol-A, a synthetic organic compound with estrogen mimicking properties, may enter bloodstream through either dermal contact or ingestion. Probiotic bacterial uptake of bisphenol can play a major protective role against its adverse health effects. In this paper, a method for the quantification of BPA in bacterial cells of L. lactis and of BPA and its potential metabolites 4-hydroxybenzoic Acid, 4-hydroxyacetophenone and hydroquinone in the culture medium is described. Extraction of BPA from the cells was performed using methanol–H2O/TFA (0.08%) (5:1 v/v) followed by SPE. Culture medium was centrifuged and filtered through a 0.45 μm syringe filter. Analysis was conducted in a Nucleosil column, using a gradient of A (95:5 v/v H2O: ACN) and B (5:95 v/v H2O: ACN, containing TFA, pH 2), with a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. Calibration curves (0.5–600 μg/mL) were constructed using 4-n-Octylphenol as internal standard (1 > R2 > 0.994). Limit of Detection (LOD) and Limit of Quantification (LOQ) values ranged between 0.23 to 4.99 μg/mL and 0.69 to 15.1 μg/mL respectively. A 24 h administration experiment revealed a decline in BPA concentration in the culture media up to 90.27% while the BPA photodegradation levels were low. Our results demonstrate that uptake and possible metabolism of BPA in L. lactis cells facilitates its removal.
Highlights
Bisphenol-A is the organic synthetic compound 4, 40 -Isopropylidenediphenol, which is widely used in thermal paper industry and as a component of synthetic plastic due to its mechanical and extreme-temperature resistance [1]
0.08% (v/v) Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) after centrifugation aimed to increase the solubility of BPA due to further dilution
Analyte peaks of HQ, hydroxy benzoic acid (HBA), hydroxy acetophenone (HAP), BPA and internal standard OP are shown with a retention time (Rt) of 10.671, 12.728, 15.579, 26.241 and 40.771 min respectively
Summary
Bisphenol-A is the organic synthetic compound 4, 40 -Isopropylidenediphenol, which is widely used in thermal paper industry and as a component of synthetic plastic (vinyl-chloride) due to its mechanical and extreme-temperature resistance [1]. BPA, was found to exhibit estrogenic properties, arising from its structural resemblance to the human 17β-estradiol [2], it is referred to as xenoestrogen or endocrine disruptor. The main routes of human exposure to BPA are the consumption of food in BPA containing packages [3] and through dermal contact with BPA rich materials [4]. BPA is mainly metabolized in humans to BPA-glucuronide through the hepatic glucuronide transferase and excreted from the body [5,6]. A percentage of BPA, referred to as “free” or “active” BPA, remains in the blood circulation for up to a week and can interfere with endogenous biological processes [4]. Due to its estrogenic and genotoxic effects and its wide
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