Abstract
Abstract The purpose of this present study was to develop and validate a prediction equation for body composition assessment using anthropometric measures of elderly women. This is cross-sectional correlational study with 243 older women ± 64.5 years old and body mass index (BMI) ± 28.70 kg/m². For the development of the equation it was utilized the method of hold-out sample validation. The participants were randomly divided into equation development group (96 elderly women) and a group for validation (147 elderly women). Total body mass, height, waist and hip circumferences, ratio waist-hip ratio and BMI were measured. The whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) assessed body composition (percentage of body fat, fat mass, and fat-free mass). The equations were developed using multiple linear regression, with validation by the stepwise method; the comparison of the equations was analyzed by the paired Student's t test and the analysis of residual scores by the method of Blant and Altman. The New Equation presents a strong correlation (R = 0.83) and (R² = 0.69), and a standard error of estimation equals to 3.21% for percentage body fat prediction. The mean difference between the estimations of percentage body fat from DXA and the New Equation was 0.11% (t(0,180); P = 0.850). Therefore, the New Equation had an accuracy of 93.5% and a total error of 1.8%. The body fat estimation in older women using this New Equation based on BMI and age is valid and accurate.
Highlights
The process of aging is related to changes in body composition such as reductions in free-fat mass, bone mineral density, and increases in the percentage of body fat[1]
Several methods have been used for body composition evaluation, such as dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), bioelectrical impedance, and skinfold and anthropometric measurements[8,9,10,12,11]
All anthropometric variables were included in the regression, only body mass index (BMI) and age presented significant correlations to predict percentage body fat, percentage body fat was best estimated by the independent variables age and BMI
Summary
The process of aging is related to changes in body composition such as reductions in free-fat mass, bone mineral density, and increases in the percentage of body fat[1] Changes within these components present an impact in functional capacity, quality of life, and in mortality risk[2,3]. Several methods have been used for body composition evaluation, such as dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), bioelectrical impedance, and skinfold and anthropometric measurements[8,9,10,12,11] Among these methods, DXA has been considered the “gold standard”; it is not available for most populations and has an expensive cost[13]. Skinfold and anthropometric measures have low-cost and easy access for most populations and health professionals, which in turn becomes an alternative for the continued assessments of body composition[14]
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