Abstract
BackgroundIn-hospital mortality and short-term mortality are indicators that are commonly used to evaluate the outcome of emergency department (ED) treatment. Although several scoring systems and machine learning-based approaches have been suggested to grade the severity of the condition of ED patients, methods for comparing severity-adjusted mortality in general ED patients between different systems have yet to be developed. The aim of the present study was to develop a scoring system to predict mortality in ED patients using data collected at the initial evaluation and to validate the usefulness of the scoring system for comparing severity-adjusted mortality between institutions with different severity distributions.MethodsThe study was based on the registry of the National Emergency Department Information System, which is maintained by the National Emergency Medical Center of the Republic of Korea. Data from 2016 were used to construct the prediction model, and data from 2017 were used for validation. Logistic regression was used to build the mortality prediction model. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate the performance of the prediction model. We calculated the standardized W statistic and its 95% confidence intervals using the newly developed mortality prediction model.ResultsThe area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the developed scoring system for the prediction of mortality was 0.883 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.882–0.884). The Ws score calculated from the 2016 dataset was 0.000 (95% CI: − 0.021 – 0.021). The Ws score calculated from the 2017 dataset was 0.049 (95% CI: 0.030–0.069).ConclusionsThe scoring system developed in the present study utilizing the parameters gathered in initial ED evaluations has acceptable performance for the prediction of in-hospital mortality. Standardized W statistics based on this scoring system can be used to compare the performance of an ED with the reference data or with the performance of other institutions.
Highlights
In-hospital mortality and short-term mortality are indicators that are commonly used to evaluate the outcome of emergency department (ED) treatment
Study setting and population The study was based on the registry of the National Emergency Department Information System (NEDIS) maintained by the National Emergency Medical Center of the Republic of Korea
Body temperature was removed from the final model because the positive univariate association with mortality was inversed in the multivariate regression
Summary
In-hospital mortality and short-term mortality are indicators that are commonly used to evaluate the outcome of emergency department (ED) treatment. Several scoring systems and machine learning-based approaches have been suggested to grade the severity of the condition of ED patients, methods for comparing severity-adjusted mortality in general ED patients between different systems have yet to be developed. The aim of the present study was to develop a scoring system to predict mortality in ED patients using data collected at the initial evaluation and to validate the usefulness of the scoring system for comparing severity-adjusted mortality between institutions with different severity distributions. Performance measures include structure, process, and outcome indicators [1, 2]. In-hospital mortality or short-term mortality are commonly used outcome indicators to evaluate the outcome of emergency department (ED) treatment [3, 4]. Singer et al found that the length of ED stay was associated with increased mortality, the finding is not conclusive because it is possible that more severely ill patients are likely to stay longer in the ED. [9]
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