Abstract
Toward the standardization of common evening primrose (Oenothera biennis) sprout extract (OBS-E), we aimed to obtain indicator compounds and use a validated method. HPLC-UVD allowed simultaneous quantification of the indicator compounds quercetin-3-O-glucuronide and ellagic acid. The method was validated in terms of specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, and limit of detection/limit of quantification (LOD/LOQ). High specificity and linearity was demonstrated, with correlation coefficients of 1.0000 for quercetin-3-O-glucuronide and 0.9998 for ellagic acid. The LOD/LOQ values were 0.486/1.472 μg/mL for quercetin-3-O-glucuronide and 1.003/3.039 μg/mL for ellagic acid. Intra-day and inter-day variability tests produced relative standard deviation for each compound of <2%, a generally accepted precision criterion. High recovery rate were also obtained, indicating accuracy validation. The OBS-E prepared using various concentrations of ethanol were then analyzed. The 50% ethanol extract had highest content of quercetin-3-O-glucuronide, whereas the 70% ethanol extract possessed the lowest. However, the ellagic acid content was highest in the 70% ethanol extract and lowest in the 90% ethanol extract. Thus, quercetin-3-O-glucuronide and ellagic acid can be used industrially as indicator compounds for O. biennis sprout products, and our validated method can be used to establish indicator compounds for other natural products.
Highlights
The evening primrose, belonging to the Onagraceae family, is a genus of approximately 145 species of herbaceous flowering plants distributed around the world
In Korea, the leaves and sprouts of evening primrose are used to make Kimchi or some as a side dish [2], and reports have been published on their medicinal properties, such as their antioxidant [2,3], anti-inflammatory [4], antibacterial [5], anticancer [6,7], and anti-obesity [2] activities
The results showed that RSDs for quercetin-3-O-glucuronide at concentrations of 93.6, 187.2, and 374.4 μg/mL were 0.56, 0.11, and 0.16%, respectively, for the intra-day measurements, and 0.68, 0.26, and 0.51%, respectively, for the inter-day measurements (Table 2)
Summary
The evening primrose (genus Oenothera), belonging to the Onagraceae family, is a genus of approximately 145 species of herbaceous flowering plants distributed around the world. These plants are known to originate from tropical and temperate climate regions in South America, but have recently been observed in Asia, Europe, Africa, and Oceania where they have been used for edible and medicinal purposes [1]. Oenothera biennis (OB), the most commonly known evening primrose species worldwide, can be found in many countries. Oenothera biennis (OB), the most commonly known evening primrose species worldwide, can be found in many acnodurnetgriieosnas,nidncrleugdioinngs,Kinocrleuad, iJnagpaKno, rAeau,sJtaraplaian,,BAruitsatirna,lFiar,aBnrcieta, iann,dFrHaanwcea,iai n[9d].HTahwe amiio[s9t]. Hosotwsteuvdeire,smoonsOt sBtuhdaivese ofoncuOsBedhaovnetfhoecupsheydsioonlotghiecaplhaycstiiovliotygiocral aacctitviveitiyngorreadciteivnetsi,nagnreddiinenvtess,taignadtiionnversetpigoarttieodntrheupsorftaerdinthtousthfaer sintatnodthaerdsitzaantdioanrdoizf aOtiBo,n foorf OexBa,mfoprlee,xtaomepstlae,btlioshesitnadbilcisahtoirndcoicmatpoorucnodmsp, oaruenidnsa,daerqeuinaated.eFquuratthee. rFmurotrhee, ramltohroeu, gahltthheoulegahvtehsealnedavsepsraonudtssopfroeuvetsnoinfgevperniminrgopseriamrerousseeadrefourseeddifboler eadnidblme aenddicimnaedl picuinrpalopseusrinpoKseosreina,Kmoroesat,omf otshteosfttuhdeisetsuidnietshien ltihteerlaitteurraetuhraevheabveeebneemnaminaliynlfyocfoucsuedsedononroroototaanndd sseeeeddtitsissuueess
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