Abstract
The article presents the development and validation of the instrumental practice–related affect measure (IPAM), based on the circumplex model of affect. This 16-item measure assesses four types of affect related to practicing a musical instrument: anxiety, comfort, depression, and enthusiasm. We conducted two studies. Confirmatory factor analysis supports the measure’s four-factor structure, allowing also for the distinction of two higher-order factors: positive and negative affect. The IPAM scales are highly reliable and correlate with affective traits, confirming the validity of the measure. The IPAM allows for capturing affective experiences in the musical learning context, in both basic and applied research.
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