Abstract
The Barrett-Lennard Relationship Inventory (B-L RI; Barrett-Lennard, (2015). The Relationship Inventory A Complete Resource and Guide. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-201602103917) is the most widely used measure of the facilitative conditions described by Carl Rogers as important for constructive personality development in his person-centered theory. At with 64 items it is however time consuming for participants to complete, and even in its shorter form, the B-L RI is 40-items long. In order to improve its utility, a mini form of the B-L RI was developed. In study 1, we used item response theory to select 12 out of the full 64 items to form the B-L RI:mini based on their discrimination, difficulty, information, and measurement invariance across the English (n = 298), Chinese (n = 658), and Spanish (n = 330) language versions of the inventory. In study 2 (N = 362), we validated the reliability and validity of the new 12-item measure. It was found that the B-L RI:mini showed excellent total internal consistency, temporal stability, and construct validity. According to the results of the study, the B-L RI:mini maintains optimal psychometric properties with a small number of items. This scale is recommended for use in further studies.
Highlights
Genuineness, empathic understanding, and unconditional positive regard are well-known as Carl Rogers’ facilitative relationship conditions/core conditions. Rogers (1957) theorized that constructive personality development happens when a minimal degree of the facilitative conditions are perceived through psychological contact with another person
The Barrett-Lennard Relationship Inventory (B-L RI; Barrett-Lennard, 1962) was developed as a measurement tool to evaluate the extent to which people experience the facilitative conditions of congruence, unconditional positive regard, and empathic understanding
This study aims to fill the gap by developing and validating a very short scale based on the 64-item B-L RI to measure the facilitative conditions
Summary
Genuineness (congruence), empathic understanding, and unconditional positive regard are well-known as Carl Rogers’ facilitative relationship conditions/core conditions. Rogers (1957) theorized that constructive personality development happens when a minimal degree of the facilitative conditions are perceived through psychological contact with another person. Genuineness (congruence), empathic understanding, and unconditional positive regard are well-known as Carl Rogers’ facilitative relationship conditions/core conditions. Rogers (1957) theorized that constructive personality development happens when a minimal degree of the facilitative conditions are perceived through psychological contact with another person. Their positive effects in enhancing personal development and human flourishing are applicable in any relationship involving psychological contact (Rogers, 1959, 1961). The Barrett-Lennard Relationship Inventory (B-L RI; Barrett-Lennard, 1962) was developed as a measurement tool to evaluate the extent to which people experience the facilitative conditions of congruence, unconditional positive regard, and empathic understanding. The B-L RI score consists of four subscales: level of regard (R), empathic understanding (E), congruence (C), and unconditionality of regard (U). Since the 1960s, the B-L RI has wide application in various fields ranging from counseling psychology (Davis et al, 2015; Dolev & Zilcha-Mano, 2019; Murphy & Cramer, 2014), medicine (Chu & Tseng, 2013; Moghaddasian et al, 2013), forensic psychology (Hearn et al, 2020), sport psychology (Oh et al, 2012), education (BockmierSommers et al, 2017; Swan et al, 2020), to business (Janssen, 2012)
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