Abstract
In the design and development of front-end communication systems, the arbitrary impedance environments are encountered frequently. In this article, a three-port dual-band equal power divider is proposed which also transforms all types of impedance environments at its ports inherently. The power divider is suitable for a wide range of arbitrary frequency ratios and impedance terminations at each of the input and output ports. A systematic design procedure with a design flow graph is provided. The closed-form design equations make the design process simple and quick for prototyping purposes. The proposed design approach enhances the design flexibility significantly with the presence of multiple independent variables. Design examples with distinct design specifications are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness and flexibility of the architecture. A prototype working at 1/2.6 GHz and with frequency-dependent complex load (FDCL) terminations at the input and output ports is fabricated and measured to validate the proposed architecture and design methodology. The proposed dual-band impedance transforming power divider exhibits controllable bandwidths, planar structure without any reactive element, compact size, and the ability to provide port matching for any real, complex, and frequency-dependent complex impedance terminations.
Highlights
Power divider (PD) found extensive usefulness in RF/Microwave communication systems such as antenna feeder networks, push-pull amplifiers, mixers, baluns, I/Q vector modulators, and phased arrays for signal-division or combination [1]–[3]
There has been an increased interest in the design and development of multi-band power divider (PD) owing to the rapid advancements in the multi-band/multistandard communication systems [4]–[6]
The elimination of complex isolation circuits with lumped components has been addressed in a recent single-band PD, in which the impedance matching for complex termination at ports is integrated with the overall design [24]
Summary
Power divider (PD) found extensive usefulness in RF/Microwave communication systems such as antenna feeder networks, push-pull amplifiers, mixers, baluns, I/Q vector modulators, and phased arrays for signal-division or combination [1]–[3]. The elimination of complex isolation circuits with lumped components has been addressed in a recent single-band PD, in which the impedance matching for complex termination at ports is integrated with the overall design [24] These reports are limited to single frequency operation only. The contributions of the proposed dual-band impedance transforming power divider (DBITPD) can be listed as: 1) its ability to operate at the arbitrary frequency ratios; 2) its ability to account for arbitrary terminated real, complex, or FDCL port impedances; 3) systematic design methodology with closed-form design equations; 4) absence of reactive elements for real or complex port terminations; 5) easy realization in microstrip technology; 6) a simple and planar structure; and 7) availability of the independent design variables for the enhanced design flexibility.
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