Abstract
ObjectiveTo develop and test the validity of program outcome evaluation instruments for cooking, eating, and playing together for obesity prevention during iCook 4-H. DesignInstrument development for both youth and adults through pre-post testing of items newly constructed and compiled to address key curriculum constructs. Testing occurred throughout program intervention and dissemination to determine dimensionality, internal consistency and test-retest reliability, and validity. SettingA 5-state out-of-school program in cooperative extension and other community sites. ParticipantsYouths aged 9–10 years; adults were main food preparers; the first phase involved 214 dyads and the second phase, 74 dyads. Main Outcome Measure(s)Youth measures were cooking skills, culinary self-efficacy, physical activity, and openness to new foods. Adult measures were cooking together, physical activity, and eating together. AnalysisExploratory factor analysis to determine initial scale structure and confirmatory factor analysis to confirm factor structures. Longitudinal invariance tests to see whether the factor structure held over time. Test-retest reliability was determined by Pearson r and internal consistency was determined by coefficient Ω and Cronbach α. Validity testing was determined by Pearson r correlations. ResultsYouth cooking skills, openness to new foods, and adult eating together and cooking together showed strong evidence for dimensionality, reliability, and validity. Youth physical activity and adult physical activity measures showed strong evidence for dimensionality and validity but not reliability. The youth culinary self-efficacy measure showed strong evidence for reliability and validity but weaker evidence for dimensionality. Conclusions and ImplicationsProgram outcome evaluation instruments for youths and adults were developed and tested to accompany the iCook 4-H curriculum. Program leaders, stakeholders, and administrators may monitor outcomes within and across programs and generate consistent reporting.
Highlights
IntroductionICook 4-H was a 6-year study for youth (aged 9−10 years) and adult (primary meal preparer) dyads that included a control−treatment 2-year intervention study with assessments at 0, 4, 12, and 24 months followed by a test of dissemination with assessments at 0 and 4 months.[1] During the intervention phase, the treatment group participated in a 12-week, 6-session, face-to face program curriculum for dyads to cook, eat, and play together, with additional activities between months 4 and 24
ICook 4-H was a 6-year study for youth and adult dyads that included a control−treatment 2-year intervention study with assessments at 0, 4, 12, and 24 months followed by a test of dissemination with assessments at 0 and 4 months.[1]
The results of missing data diagnostics suggested that the data were missing completely at random (MCAR); similar approaches to the intervention data were used for the missing data using full-information maximum likelihood imputation for the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA)
Summary
ICook 4-H was a 6-year study for youth (aged 9−10 years) and adult (primary meal preparer) dyads that included a control−treatment 2-year intervention study with assessments at 0, 4, 12, and 24 months followed by a test of dissemination with assessments at 0 and 4 months.[1] During the intervention phase, the treatment group participated in a 12-week, 6-session, face-to face program curriculum for dyads to cook, eat, and play together, with additional activities between months 4 and 24. The dissemination phase was designed to test the program transition from a research to a community setting with minimal assistance from the researchers.[1] For the dissemination phase, the curriculum was modified to be 14 weeks with 8 sessions.[2] The study was implemented at the 5 landgrant universities in Maine, Nebraska, South Dakota, Tennessee, and West Virginia
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