Abstract
The article presents the obtaining results of clinkers of sulfate resistant and road cement during the production tests process. The usage of man-made wastes such as lead slag, coal mining waste as well as clay component and additives. X-ray, chemical analyzes of starting materials, clinkers and obtained cements were carried out. The regularities of charge compositions, saturation coefficient, modules, burning regimes on chemical and mineralogical composition and quality of clinkers and cements, improvement of rotary kiln operation, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and fuel consumption are established. Various methods of analysis were used, calculations of raw mixtures composition were carried out according to the program "Shikhta" (designed to calculate the raw mix and the mineralogical composition of the clinker for the production of Portland cement. The program was developed in the V.G. Shukhov Belgorod State Technical University, Russia) and "Calculation of raw mixtures or CRM" (designed to calculate the raw mix of clinker. The program was developed in the M. Auezov South-Kazakhstan State University, Kazakhstan). The strength of factory and experimental cements was tested after 3, 7 and 28 days and after steaming.
Highlights
At present, the intensive industrial and civil construction is underway in Kazakhstan, the volume and range of manufactured building materials and products is growing [1]
The processes of clinker formation in low-energy-intensive raw mixtures are completed at 1350 °C, i.е. approximately 100 °C lower than in traditional raw materials prepared from natural raw materials
The chemistry of improving the processes of clinker formation in the low-energy-intensive raw mixtures developed by us consists in the mineralizing effect of small components of lead slag on high-temperature mineral formation reactions
Summary
The intensive industrial and civil construction is underway in Kazakhstan, the volume and range of manufactured building materials and products is growing [1]. Release of cement in 2016 reached 9.03 million tons, which is 5.3% higher than the previous year. The increase in the volume of oil and gas production leads to the need to expand the volume of wells injection, to equip the oil industry, to build infrastructure in the oil regions of the country. The output of 1 t of cement consumes up to 5 t of raw materials, additives, fuel, water and air, including 220‒240 kg of fuel (wet method) and 110‒140 kWh of electricity. In the cost of cement clinker, the cost of fuel and electricity costs reaches 50% or more [2,3,4]
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