Abstract
ABSTRACTSoot emissions from combustion devices are known to have harmful effects on the environment and human health. As the transportation industry continues to expand, the development of techniques to reduce soot emissions remains a significant goal of researchers and industry. In order for current soot modeling techniques to be reliably accurate, they must incur an intractably high computational cost. This project leverages existing knowledge in soot modeling and soot formation fundamentals to develop a stand-alone, computationally inexpensive soot concentration estimator to be linked to Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations as a post-processor. Preliminary development and testing of the estimator is presented here for laminar flames. As soot properties cannot be determined by local conditions, the estimator consists of a library generated using the hystereses of soot-containing fluid parcels, which relates soot concentration to the aggregated gas-phase environment histories to which a fluid parcel has been exposed. The estimator can be used to relate soot concentration to computed parcel hystereses through interpolation techniques. The estimator shows the potential ability to produce accurate results with very low computational cost in laminar coflow diffusion flames. Results also show that as flame data representing a broader set of conditions (temperature, mixture fraction, residence time, etc.) are added to the library, the estimator becomes applicable to a wider range of flames.
Highlights
Black carbon particulate is generated in a variety of combustion systems
Since the main goals of this study are designing and generating a soot concentration estimator that does not rely on additional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling, choosing the appropriate strategy and methods which provide a tool of low computational cost, ease of use, and high accuracy are the primary objectives
The soot concentration estimator proposed in this study shows good potential for predicting peak soot concentrations in practical combustion systems
Summary
Black carbon particulate (soot) is generated in a variety of combustion systems. Combustion processes have a key role in burners, power production devices, and the transportation industry. Populations living in dense urban areas show higher rates of lung and heart diseases because of high concentrations of pollutants that contain compounds such as nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and soot particles in the atmosphere (Beniwal & Shivgotra, 2009; Shiraiwa, Selzle, & Poschl, 2012). Both small and large soot particles can cause significant environmental problems. Small soot particles in the atmosphere absorb sunlight and warm the surrounding air, while larger and darker particles that fall to the ground accelerate the melting of snow and ice, since dark particles absorb sunlight (Daly, 2012). Searching for and developing techniques to reduce soot formation and emissions has become an important concern for researchers and industry
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