Abstract
ABSTRACT This paper presents the development of a sustainable and affordable domestic refrigerator for rural areas where grid setting is weak or non-existent. The refrigerator uses a miniature refrigeration unit based on a micro direct current (DC) compressor, which can adjust its speed according to photovoltaic output variation with solar radiation intensity, in order to maximize cooling production. The experimental investigation aims to define the cooling capacity management of the refrigerator through the use of phase change materials (PCMs). PCM packs in the fridge are charged during the period of high solar radiation and, afterward, melting of PCM releases cooling to maintain a cold temperature for extra hours when solar radiation is low or not available. The paper presents the design and construction of an experimental refrigerator with a miniature refrigeration unit of a finned tube heat exchanger for the fridge cabinet; PCM selection and, particularly, the effect of heat transfer enhancement at the condenser are discussed. Lab-scale tests were carried in the UK and field tests were carried out in Ghana in a collaboration project. In lab-scale tests, it is found that a condenser modification can decrease the transient power consumption by up to 26%. In contrast, the field-testing results show that the daily power consumption can be reduced only from 0.9 to 0.84 kWh. Additionally, field testing results show that the cabinet temperature of the PCM-enhanced refrigerator rose from 7°C to 11°C after a period of 5 hr power outage.
Highlights
Electricity has been recognized as one of the essential needs for modern life
It is reported that post-harvest losses can reach 50% due to a lack of cold storage and sustainable cold chain infrastructure because the majority of farmers are living in rural areas that have little or no access to electricity to power cold chains (Kuye 2021)
The development stages of a sustainable and affordable refrig erator unit for rural areas have been given in the paper
Summary
Electricity has been recognized as one of the essential needs for modern life. According to the UN Environment Programme (UN Environment Programme 2021), poor storage and insufficient infrastructure are the main factors to cause food wastage in Africa. It is reported that post-harvest losses can reach 50% due to a lack of cold storage and sustainable cold chain infrastructure because the majority of farmers are living in rural areas that have little or no access to electricity to power cold chains (Kuye 2021). Applications of off-grid solar photovoltaic (PV) systems have increased significantly due to the reduction in the cost of the technology and the impact of fossil fuels (Sider, Al-Maghalseh, and Alnather 2019). In order to avoid and reduce food spoilage problems in Africa and developing countries, solar-powered refrigeration systems can be a suitable solution.
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