Development and Study of Mosquitocidal and Antibacterial Properties of Typhonium trilobatum-Synthesized ZnO NPS and their Impact on the Predation Efficiency of Guppy Poecilia reticulata against the Dengue vector, Aedes aegypti

Abstract

Dengue fever is an arbovirus spread mostly by Aedes mosquitos. Every year, there is an increase in the incidence of dengue infection and transmission. As a result, the need for an effective measure remains a top concern. The current work aims to assess the effectiveness of Typhonium trilobatum leaf extract synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) against the Dengue vector, Aedes aegypti. We synthesized zinc nanoparticles by reducing and stabilizing it using T. trilobatum leaf extract. UV-vis spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and EDAX analysis were used for analyzing nanoparticles. T. trilobatum leaf extract and biosynthesized ZnONPs were extremely efficient against Ae. aegypti young instars, with LC50 values ranging from 36.633 ppm (larva I) to 102.436 ppm (pupa) and 1.555 ppm (larva I) to 6.906 ppm (pupa). The predation effectiveness of Poecillia reticulata guppy fish against A. aegypti I - IV instar larvae were 49.8 and 25.9 %, respectively. Predation was 78.3 and 39.8 % in ZnO-contaminated environments, respectively. The results of T. trilobatum leaf extract synthesized ZnONPs showed considerable larvicidal action with an increase in predatory potential of the guppy fish P. reticulata. To screen the antibacterial activities of T. trilobatum leaf extract and Biosynthesized ZnO NPs against Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Salmonella typhi, the agar disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration procedures were used. The biosynthesized ZnO NPs showed excellent antibacterial effects against bacterial pathogens. Overall, our study suggests that T. trilobatum leaf extract synthesized ZnO NPs could be used in mosquito control as well as the creation of novel chemotherapeutic medicines with low systemic toxicity.