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Abstract
The photoelectric effect experiment generally uses a very sophisticated and expensive apparatus. Some high schools and even universities in Indonesia cannot afford to conduct this experiment because of the high price of the apparatus. The purpose of this study was to develop a user-friendly, and cost-effective teaching aids which can be used to demonstrate the concepts of modern physics related to the photoelectric effect. The stages of this study employed the Four-D model, namely define, design, develop, and disseminate. Based on experts and practitioner evaluation, the developed teaching aids and practicum devices of photoelectric effect experiment were found to be valid and reliable. The results of the experiment by using this developed teaching aids of the photoelectric effect showed that there is a linear relationship between the stopping potential and the frequency of light emitted by the LED. These results are consistent with Millikan's experimental results, the first physicist who succeed in proving Einstein's hypothesis of the photoelectric effect, that in the photoelectric effect the stopping potential does not depend on the intensity of light but depends only on the frequency of light. In this study, the Planck’s constant value obtained is 6.408x10-34 J.s. Although this value is slightly smaller than the accepted value of Planck's constant that is 6.626x10-34 J.s, it is good enough considering the instrumental error occurred during the measurement of current and voltage. Furthermore, the students’ perception of the developed teaching aids and practicum devices of the photoelectric effects experiment are 74.9% (good) and 80.2% (very good), respectively. This indicates that the photoelectric effect experiment teaching aids and practicum devices that have been developed can be used to demonstrate and prove the concepts of modern physics related to the photoelectric phenomena correctly.Keywords: Teaching Aids, Photoelectric Effect, Students’ Perception
Highlights
Experiments have a central role in the development of physics
We developed the practicum devices as a practical guide in using this photoelectric effect experiment teaching aids that have been developed
The stopping potential varies linearly with the frequency of light. These results are consistent with Millikan's experimental results, the first physicist who succeed in proving Einstein's hypothesis, that the stopping potential depends only on the frequency of light in the photoelectric effect
Summary
Experiments have a central role in the development of physics. Even almost all literature mention that physics is an experimental science. Richard Feynman, one of the leading theoretical physicists of the 20th century, said that experimentation is a tool for testing all scientific knowledge and it becomes the sole judge of scientific truth (Feynman et al, 1963) Both real experiment and thought experiment play an important role in building scientific theories. The Indonesian physics textbooks for high school students have recently been analyzed and evaluated by Bancong & Song (2018) to see whether thought experiments presented in the textbooks can be used as a tool to teach scientific knowledge All of these concerts shows that experimentation seems to be important especially in the teaching and learning of physics
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