Abstract
The establishment of International Association for Landscape Ecology (IALE), European Association for Landscape Ecology (IALE-Europe and European Landscape Convention (2000) contribute and support the exchange of different concepts and methods in the field of landscape science, and also scientific cooperation between European countries. However, the specifics of landscape science in Bulgaria are little known outside the country. This article deals with the development and status of landscape science in Bulgaria. It describes its main stages in the historical development, its main characteristics and makes some general conclusions and critical notes about the future development of landscape science in Bulgaria.
Highlights
The landscape science in Bulgaria has long tradition but it is poorly known outside the country due to the fact that most of the publications are in Bulgarian language
The third period in the development of landscape science in Bulgaria started after 1990. During this period Bulgarian science opens to the theoretical and methodological concepts of landscape ecology devel oped in countries such as the former West Germany, USA, France and others
During the second sub period theoretical and methodological concepts from landscape ecology began to penetrate in the Bulgarian land scape studies
Summary
The landscape science in Bulgaria has long tradition but it is poorly known outside the country due to the fact that most of the publications are in Bulgarian language. Several documents (Europe an Landscape Convention from 2000) and scientif ic studies (Shaw and Oldfield 2007; Simensen et al 2018) encourage international scientific exchange of different theoretical concepts and methodological approaches in the field of landscape science because of the very complicated nature of landscape, and mul tiple meanings of the landscape developed in differ ent scientific, and cultural contexts (Antrop and Van Eetvelde 2017; Miklos et al 2019) This results in the observations that only a significant variety of meth ods are possible to cover the many different aspects of landscape and the many different planning and man agement scopes. Penchev published an article discussing the state of the art of physical geography in Bulgaria (Ivanov et al 1970) In this publi cation they pay attention to the need to study natural complexes (systems): the landscapes.
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