Abstract
Individuals' strategies of emotion regulation play an important role in maintaining their mental health. However, few multi-strategy measures considered rumination subtypes (brooding and reflection) and covered five emotion-focused strategies. Across four samples (total N = 2398), the current study developed a new Emotion-focused Regulation Questionnaire in Chinese to survey five emotion-focused strategies including two subtypes of rumination, resulting in a six-factor theoretical framework. Exploratory factor analysis of samples 2 and 3 demonstrated a replicable five-factor structure consisting of Distraction, Brooding, Cognitive Rethinking (an integration of reflection and reappraisal), Acceptance, and Expressive Suppression, which is also the best model supported by confirmatory factor analysis of sample 4. The new EfRQ demonstrated acceptable to good internal consistencies (0.726 ≤ Cronbach's α ≤ 0.869 and 0.735 ≤ Macdonald's ω ≤ 0.871), and moderate test-retest reliabilities with ICCs ranging from 0.531 to 0.668. The convergent, discriminant, and criterion validity of EfRQ was supported by its associations with a range of constructs. Multivariate hierarchical regression analyses demonstrated its incremental validity beyond existing ER-related measures. Thus, the EfRQ is a reliable and valid instrument that would be useful in research and clinical environment.
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