Abstract
Pressure injuries (PIs) are a major health problem with severe implications for patients. Professionals who care for people at risk should have high knowledge about PIs prevention. The actual knowledge can be measured using different tools, but we have found no questionnaire to measure the knowledge on PIs prevention developed and validated for Spanish-speaking countries. The aim of this study was to develop a questionnaire in Spanish to measure the knowledge about PIs prevention based on current international guidelines. Content validity was evaluated by 12 experts in wound care. A convenience sample of 438 nursing professionals from Spain participated to evaluate the questionnaire using item analysis, Rasch model, and known-groups validity. The PI Prevention Knowledge (PIPK) questionnaire shows good discrimination and difficulty indices. The 31-item PIPK shows good fit and reliability of 0.98 for items and 0.72 for people; also, it has enough evidence for construct validity. Because the questionnaire has been developed based on the recommendations from international guidelines, the English version of this questionnaire could be used in further studies to test its psychometric properties.
Highlights
Pressure injuries (PIs) are a major health problem with severe implications for patients [1], for institutions because of the high costs for treatment [2,3], and for health professionals because they are considered healthcare-related adverse events [4]
In the literature review, we found no questionnaire to measure the knowledge on PIs prevention developed and validated for Spanish-speaking countries, which was updated according to the current recommendations of guidelines
In 2017, some items were revised and reworded, so the questionnaire was submitted to a third round with the expert panel; 2 items were removed, yielding a 35-item version of the PI Prevention Knowledge (PIPK) questionnaire that was used for testing the psychometric properties
Summary
Pressure injuries (PIs) are a major health problem with severe implications for patients [1], for institutions because of the high costs for treatment [2,3], and for health professionals because they are considered healthcare-related adverse events [4]. There are legal issues because PIs are considered as caused by inadequate care and compensation for patients who developed. For European countries, some recent epidemiological studies reported a PIs prevalence of 11.7%. If intensive care units (ICU) were included, the prevalence could be as high as. Most of the PIs were acquired during the stay; it has been reported that up to 72.2% of these injuries are hospital-acquired [9]
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