Abstract
In recent years, the international status of agriculture in the BRICS countries—Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa—has been continuously improved. In 2018, the gross agricultural production of the BRICS countries accounted for more than 50% of the world’s total. Further strengthening the developing cooperation of the BRICS countries is of great significance for ensuring global food security. Based on the data from FAOSTAT and UN Comtrade Database, this study builds a food self-sufficiency rate and food security cooperation potential index to quantitatively analyze the food security status, cooperation effectiveness, and future trends of the BRICS countries. The study finds that the overall food security of the BRICS countries is generally showing a trend of volatility and growth, with high rates for cereals and relatively low rates for fresh products. In the future, BRICS food security cooperation should be based on their own resource endowment and socioeconomic characteristics. The BRICS countries need to constantly improve the awareness of joint cooperation and action in the future, focusing on scientific and technological cooperation, information sharing, complementary advantages in trade, and improving the global competitiveness of products. With the help of agricultural science and technology, Brazil is growing as a strong export country of food products. Russia needs to increase the introduction of agricultural science and technology and foreign capital to give full play to its resource advantages. India can improve its food self-sufficiency faster by the construction of a BRICS Agricultural Research Platform. China makes full use of BRICS resources, actively promotes agricultural enterprises to go global, and constantly optimizes the food supply structure. South Africa maintains the advantages of fruit and vegetable industry and increases the introduction and promotion of agricultural science and technology to improve the domestic food production capacity.
Highlights
Over the past decades, the development of breeding technology, biotechnology, and planting management technology has rapidly increased the global food supply capacity, especially in developing countries [1,2,3]
The food self-sufficiency rate and food security cooperation potential index are mainly used to evaluate the current situation and future trend of the BRICS food security cooperation based on the objective description of the current situation of food security in the BRICS countries
With the joint efforts of the BRICS countries, considerable progress has been achieved in the institutionalization of food security cooperation
Summary
The development of breeding technology, biotechnology, and planting management technology has rapidly increased the global food supply capacity, especially in developing countries [1,2,3]. Coordinating and mobilizing the balanced resource usage of various countries and solving the food security problem from the perspective of globalization has been widely recognized [12,13]. The United Nations is an important organization for the promotion of global food security cooperation. It has directly formulated development plans for sustainable development and Goal 2 of the Millennium Development Goals, Zero Hunger. This has involved food security-related agencies including the World Food Program, the World Bank, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the International Fund for Agricultural Development, etc. This has involved food security-related agencies including the World Food Program, the World Bank, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the International Fund for Agricultural Development, etc. for promotion of a comprehensive and unified response from the international community to the challenges of achieving global food and nutrition security [14,15,16,17]
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