Development and Prospect of Esophageal Tissue Engineering.

Rui Xu,Liwei Yao,Ruixia Hou,Xinnan Fang,Yi Zhong,Libing Zhang,Jian Zhang,Qian Pang,Yiyin Wang,Lei Shao,Xiang Cui,Shengqian Wu,Rongyue Zuo,Yabin Zhu

doi:10.3389/fbioe.2022.853193

Abstract

Currently, patients with esophageal cancer, especially advanced patients, usually use autologous tissue for esophageal alternative therapy. However, an alternative therapy is often accompanied by serious complications such as ischemia and leakage, which seriously affect the prognosis of patients. Tissue engineering has been widely studied as one of the ideal methods for the treatment of esophageal cancer. In view of the complex multi-layer structure of the natural esophagus, how to use the tissue engineering method to design the scaffold with structure and function matching with the natural tissue is the principle that the tissue engineering method must follow. This article will analyze and summarize the construction methods, with or without cells, and repair effects of single-layer scaffold and multi-layer scaffold. Especially in the repair of full-thickness and circumferential esophageal defects, the flexible design method and the binding force between the layers of the scaffold are very important. In short, esophageal tissue engineering technology has broad prospects and plays a more and more important role in the treatment of esophageal diseases.

Highlights

Esophageal cancer is the seventh most common cancer in the world and ranks sixth in the world in terms of lethality among all malignant tumors
The polycaprolactone/silk fibroin (PCL/SF) electrospinning scaffold is made by electrospinning technology, and the electrospinning fiber pore size can simulate the structure of the extracellular matrix (ECM) (Lv et al, 2014)
When bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are combined with small intestinal submucosa (SIS), the results show that the defect site is completely endothelialized, the muscle layer is regenerated, and the new microvessels are dense (Tan et al, 2013) (Figure 2)

Summary

INTRODUCTION

Esophageal cancer is the seventh most common cancer in the world and ranks sixth in the world in terms of lethality among all malignant tumors. In the research of esophageal tissue engineering, researchers have conducted a large number of innovative research studies on the construction of single-layer scaffolds to repair the mucosal layer or the muscle layer. The polycaprolactone/silk fibroin (PCL/SF) electrospinning scaffold is made by electrospinning technology, and the electrospinning fiber pore size can simulate the structure of the extracellular matrix (ECM) (Lv et al, 2014) At this stage, the micro-pattern membrane technology is used to construct a new type of esophageal bionic scaffold, which has successfully constructed a micro-pattern PU scaffold and double-layer scaffold of the esophageal acellular matrix (Hou et al, 2019; Wang X. et al, 2020). The abovementioned studies carried out the structural bionic design of single-layer scaffolds from the perspectives of material selection and construction methods and achieved a series of achievements in the damage repair of the esophageal mucosa and muscularis.

Construction Method of Scaffolds

CONCLUSION