Development and persistence of fear of falling relate to a different mobility functions in community-dwelling older adults: one-year longitudinal predictive validity study

Abstract

Fear of falling (FoF) is a common psychological problem in community-dwelling older adults. However, which mobility function relate to newly developed FoF and persistent FoF are unknown. We aimed to clarify which baseline mobility function is an independent predictor of one-year change in FoF. The study design was a one-year longitudinal predictive validity study. Participants were 581 independently community-dwelling older adults without neurological disorders. We measured FoF, history of falls, inactive lifestyle, and sociodemographic data were obtained via a self-administered questionnaire. Mobility functions were measured by community-based Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB-com). Newly developed FoF group accounted for 20% among the non-FoF older adults at baseline. Persistent FoF group accounted for 57% among the older adults with FoF at baseline. Risk of newly developed FoF was significantly related to the SPPB-com total score, among the mobility functions, the low gait test score (OR [95% CI] = 2.34 [1.12-5.12]) and the low tandem balance test score (OR [95% CI] = 3.62 [1.46-8.90]) were significantly related. Risk of persistent FoF was also related to SPPB-com total score, among the mobility functions, the five chair stand test score (OR [95% CI] = 1.96 [1.19-3.24]) was significantly related. The risk of newly developed FoF related to lower ability of standing-balance and gait, the risk of persistent FoF related to lower sit-to-stand ability. Appropriate exercise interventions according to FoF subtype may effectively prevent the risk of developing FoF or experiencing persistent FoF.