Abstract

ObjectivesDisruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) is a new DSM-5 diagnosis. It is observed in youths and is characterized by chronic irritability and temper outbursts. This study aimed (i) to develop a brief questionnaire administered during a semi-structured interview and (ii) to assess its psychometric properties with adolescents 12–15 years old by estimating its internal consistency and its concurrent association with measures of depressive symptoms and borderline personality traits.MethodsA 10-item questionnaire was developed based on the DSM-5 criteria and input from mental health professionals. The questionnaire was administered to 192 adolescents from youth centres, inpatient units and specialized outpatient clinics in Montreal, as were the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Aged Children (K-SADS-PL), the Abbreviated version of the Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines revised (Ab-DIB), and the Dominic Interactive for Adolescents-Revised (DIA-R).ResultsA DMDD Questionnaire among adolescents from clinic settings is obtained. The content of the instrument's items was initially developed based on DSM-5 criteria and expert judgment to ensure that this new instrument covered the theoretical concepts of DMDD in English and French. Twelve participants (6.3%) met nine or more criteria and 11 youths (5.7%) met the three main criteria of DMDD (A, C, and D), which suggested the likely presence of DMDD. The total Cronbach's alpha was 0.90. In addition, the DMDD Questionnaire was significantly associated with depressive symptoms and borderline personality traits.ConclusionThe reliability and concurrent validity indices suggest that the questionnaire as a decision-support tool may be used with adolescents in clinical settings. It highlights that the DSM-5 DMDD criteria seem associated with depressive symptoms and borderline personality traits. Finally, future studies will be necessary to establish more robust calculations in relation to the validity and reliability of this questionnaire.

Highlights

  • Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) is a condition characterized by chronic irritability observed in youths 6–18 years of age

  • This study aimed (i) to develop a brief questionnaire administered during a semi-structured interview and (ii) to assess its psychometric properties with adolescents 12–15 years old by estimating its internal consistency and its concurrent association with measures of depressive symptoms and borderline personality traits

  • The DMDD Questionnaire was significantly associated with depressive symptoms and borderline personality traits

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Summary

Introduction

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) is a condition characterized by chronic irritability observed in youths 6–18 years of age. The relationship between DMDD and borderline personality traits as defined under the DSM-5 has yet to be investigated in adolescents This link makes sense considering the central role of emotional dysregulation suggested by the biosocial model of the development of borderline personality [7]. This model does not refer directly to the concept of DMDD, hypersensitivity and intense reactions to emotional stimuli are key components of this personality disorder. In this regard, Glenn and Klonsky [8] observed a significant association (r = 0.54) between a measure of emotional dysregulation and borderline personality traits among young adults. It would be interesting to explore the relationship between DMDD and, respectively, depressive symptoms and borderline personality traits to reflect on the matter further

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