Development and implementation of a visual card-sorting technique for assessing food and activity preferences and patterns in African American girls

Abstract

Objective Card-sorting tasks for assessing food and activity preferences and patterns among African American girls were developed. Associations among food preference and intake frequency, activity preference and frequency, and body mass index were examined. Design Participants completed newly developed card-sorting tasks assessing food and activity preferences and patterns. Height and weight were measured. Subjects/setting Ninety-six 8- to 10-year-old African American girls from schools and community centers in Minneapolis-St. Paul. Main outcome measures Preference and frequency data for 64 foods/beverages and 34 activities. Statistical analyses Frequencies for food and activity preference and frequency categories were computed. Pearson correlations among food and activity preference, frequency, and body mass index were computed. Results High-sugar (eg, fruit drinks, soda) and/or high-fat (eg, ice cream, cookies) foods were among the most popular and frequently consumed. Ninety-six percent of girls liked fruit drinks, with 35% consuming them “almost every day.” Less-structured activities such as biking, games, jump rope, and dance were most popular. Biking was preferred by 85% of girls, with 48% biking “almost every day.” Food preference and frequency categories were moderately correlated ( r=0.30 to 0.58), as were activity preference and frequency ( r=0.37 to 0.49). Applications The card-sorting tasks are useful tools for assessing food and activity preferences and patterns in girls. Obesity prevention programs for African American girls should include preferred activities such as dance, jump rope, and active play. Programs may also benefit from a focus on replacing high fat/high sugar snacks and sweetened beverages with low-fat, lower-calorie snacks and beverages (eg, fruit, vegetables, water).