Abstract
This paper is a summary of the development and demonstration of an optimization program, voltage VAR optimization (VVO), in the Korean Smart Distribution Management System (KSDMS). KSDMS was developed to address the lack of receptivity of distributed generators (DGs), standardization and compatibility, and manual failure recovery in the existing Korean automated distribution system. Focusing on the lack of receptivity of DGs, we developed a real-time system analysis and control program. The KSDMS VVO enhances manual system operation of the existing distribution system and provides a solution with all control equipment operated at a system level. The developed VVO is an optimal power flow (OPF) method that resolves violations, minimizes switching costs, and minimizes loss, and its function can vary depending on the operator’s command. The sequential mixed integer linear programming (SMILP) method was adopted to find the solution of the OPF. We tested the precision of the proposed VVO on selected simulated systems and its applicability to actual systems at two substations on the Jeju Island. Running the KSDMS VVO on a regular basis improved system stability, and it also raised no issues regarding its applicability to actual systems.
Highlights
The recent global consensus on CO2 reduction and strict semi-coercive regulations have increased the demand for new renewable energy resources that cause less air pollution, making it difficult to operate the distribution system in the traditional way, in which the operator uses his own discretion during operation
Because there was an overvoltage at the distributed generators (DGs), the Korean Smart Distribution Management System (KSDMS) voltage-VAR optimization (VVO) sequentially executed Emergency level determination (ELD), Switching cost minimization (SCM), and Loss minimization (LM)
The KSDMS VVO went through the following processes to resolve the overvoltage and calculated the reference values of the voltage and reactive power control equipment that can minimize the switching costs and power loss: ELD controlled the on-load tap changer (OLTC) and DGs to resolve the overvoltage in the system; SCM used the DGs to minimize the operation costs of the OLTC and series voltage restorer (SVR); executing SCM
Summary
The recent global consensus on CO2 reduction and strict semi-coercive regulations have increased the demand for new renewable energy resources that cause less air pollution, making it difficult to operate the distribution system in the traditional way, in which the operator uses his own discretion during operation. The network-model-based method uses line connections, impedance, and real-time measured data, to estimate the status information of the distribution system (e.g., the voltage, line flow, and status of control equipment), and, using the optimization method, calculates the reference values of the control equipment to optimize operation. The network-model-based VVO method requires additional applications, e.g., a status estimation program, and a power flow program This method is more stable than decentralized and rule-based methods, and it enables economical voltage and reactive power controls. Network-model-based methods use optimal power flow (OPF) to satisfy the conditions of system operation, and calculate the reference values of the voltage and reactive power control equipment to optimize operation [8,9,10,11,12,13].
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