Abstract
The development of unisexual flowers has been described in a large number of taxa, sampling the diversity of floral phenotypes and sexual systems observed in extant angiosperms, in studies focusing on floral ontogeny, on the evo-devo of unisexuality, or on the genetic and chromosomal bases of unisexuality. We review here such developmental studies, aiming at characterizing the diversity of ontogenic pathways leading to functionally unisexual flowers. In addition, we present for the first time and in a two-dimensional morphospace a quantitative description of the developmental rate of the sexual organs in functionally unisexual flowers, in a non-exhaustive sampling of angiosperms with contrasted floral morphologies. Eventually, recommendations are provided to help plant evo-devo researchers and botanists addressing macroevolutionary and ecological issues to more precisely select the taxa, the biological material, or the developmental stages to be investigated.
Highlights
The flower is the structure of angiosperms where female and male gametophytes are produced through meiosis
We review here such developmental studies, aiming at characterizing the diversity of ontogenic pathways leading to functionally unisexual flowers
Chromosome includes two regions that are highly important in sex determination: one region inhibiting the development of gynoecium and another that promotes the development of androecium
Summary
The flower is the structure of angiosperms where female and male gametophytes are produced through meiosis. F. (Hydatellaceae), [1]), the set of stamens (i.e., the androecium) surrounds the gynoecium. The gynoecium consists of one or more unicarpellate pistils, or of one multicarpellate pistil. Hermes and Aphrodite, swimming a lake when the naiad Salmacis fellupon in love him,ofalthough her feelings who, thegods. Handsome man and was female swimming one, and merged both people a single The body, exhibitingyoung both male sexesin a lake when the Salmacis fell in love with andnaiad physical attributes Hermaphrodite in mythology botany.one, and merged both people into a single body, exhibiting both and and female sexes and physical attributes. New York, https://www.met(A) Salmacis and Hermaphrodite,(accessed from theon
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