Development and evaluation of self-assembling nanovaccine for immune protection against spring viremia of carp

Abstract

Self-assembled peptides have become a hot topic in research on new fishery-immersed nanovaccines due to their physical and chemical properties and efficient carrying capacity. Using solid-phase synthesis, this study constructed the self-assembled nanovaccine SVG-Q11 for SVCV, assessing its safety at cellular and individual levels and comprehensively evaluating its preventive efficacy through immunization and immune challenge tests. Experimental results show that the constructed SVG-Q11 nanovaccine can be formed by self-assembly. At the cellular level, the survival rates of carp macrophages and EPC cells in each treatment group were higher than 90%. At the individual level, at the highest treatment concentration of 40 mg/L, there was no significant difference in the growth indicators and organ health of carps after immersion in SVG-Q11. The expression levels of non-specific immunity and immune-related genes in the SVG-Q11 group were significantly higher than those in the other groups. After challenge, the SVG-Q11 vaccine at the highest concentration (20 mg/L) achieved a 73% immune protection rate. The SVG-Q11 self-assembled nanovaccine can also effectively penetrate biological barriers, enhance antigen presentation, and improve immune efficacy. This study innovatively provides a theoretical basis for the research on self-assembled nanovaccines in aquaculture.