Development and evaluation of diverse promising rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) mutants using physical and chemical mutagens

Souhail Channaoui,Mohamed El Fechtali,Abdelghani Nabloussi,Mostapha Labhilili,Mohamed Mouhib,Hamid Mazouz

doi:10.1051/ocl/2019031

Souhail Channaoui, Mohamed El Fechtali + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2019031

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Abstract

Genetic variability is a prerequisite for any plant breeding program, and mutagenesis is a proven way of creating new variation within a crop germplasm. Novel genetic variability in rapeseed was induced by gamma rays, Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (EMS) and combined mutagen treatment, using various doses and concentrations. The objective was to evaluate and compare the obtained M2 mutants for important quantitative traits in two contrasted environments. Data on phenological, morphological and agronomic parameters were recorded. A large variability was observed and mutagenic treatments had a significant effect on all traits studied. Compared to control plants, mutant genotypes derived from seeds treated with low EMS concentrations during moderate time were earlier and characterized by a higher number of pods per plant. For high concentration of EMS during long time and for combinations of physical and chemical mutagens, a significant decrease in plant height and stature was noticed, as compared to control. Besides, plants derived from gamma rays-treated seeds exhibited the highest 1000-seed weight. The novel induced variability may be integrated in rapeseed breeding program as a new germplasm with improved agronomic traits. Particularly, EMS1-7-stable mutant may be exploited to develop efficiently and quickly a new rapeseed cultivar with some desirable traits. The present study highlights once more the possibility to bring novel genetic diversity for rapeseed desirable traits improvement through mutation breeding.

Highlights

Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), an important oilseed crop, source of vegetable oil and protein-rich meal, is characterized by a substantially increased word production over the last 35 years, which currently reached six times the production recorded in 1980 (Wanasundara et al, 2016)
According to results of analysis of variance, mutagen treatment significantly affected the variation of all quantitative traits studied in M2 population (Tab. 2)
Variation in the parameters measured in M2 progenies, according to the investigated mutagenic treatments is shown in Table 3 for DYT environment, Table 4 for Alal Tazi (ATZ) environment and Table 5 for combined environments

Summary

Introduction

Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), an important oilseed crop, source of vegetable oil and protein-rich meal, is characterized by a substantially increased word production over the last 35 years, which currently reached six times the production recorded in 1980 (Wanasundara et al, 2016). Rapeseed oil contains ∼7% saturated fatty acids (including palmitic acid and stearic acid), and high amounts of monounsaturated fatty acids with a significant fraction of oleic acid (∼61%) It contains an important amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids with significant fraction of linoleic acid (∼11%) and a-linolenic acid (∼21%) (Sharafi et al, 2015). In Morocco, as well as in other countries of Mediterranean area, rapeseed shows a good adaptation and has a great potential, as a promising oilseed crop that could play a role in improving the vegetable oils production in such countries. To enhance this production, there is a need to develop and release performant and adapted cultivars

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