Abstract
Denture stomatitis (DS), usually caused by Candida infection, is one of the common denture-related complications in patients wearing dentures. Clove and cinnamon oils have been acknowledged for their anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial activity, and antifungal effects in the oral cavity. The aim of this study, therefore, was to prepare clove/cinnamon oils-loaded emulgel and to assess its efficacy in treating Candida albicans-associated denture stomatitis. Central composite design was adopted to formulate and optimize clove/cinnamon extracts-loaded emulgel. The formulated preparations were assessed for their physical appearance, particle size, viscosity, spreadability, and in-vitro drug release. In addition, in-vivo therapeutic experiments were conducted on 42 patients with denture stomatitis. The prepared emulgel formulations showed good physical characteristics with efficient drug release within 3 h. In addition, in-vivo antifungal studies revealed that the optimized formula significantly (p < 0.001) reduced Candida colony counts from the denture surface, compared to commercially available gel (240.38 ± 27.20 vs. 398.19 ± 66.73 CFU/mL, respectively). Furthermore, the optimized formula and succeeded in alleviating denture stomatitis-related inflammation with a better clinical cure rate compared to commercially available gel Collectively, herbal extracts-loaded emulgel might be considered an evolution of polyherbal formulations and might represent a promising alternative to the existing allopathic drugs for the treatment of denture stomatitis, with better taste acceptability and no side effects.
Highlights
Introduction distributed under the terms andDenture stomatitis is a frequent condition affecting denture wearers that causes inflammation and redness of the oral mucosal tissues covered by the denture [1]
Several supercritical fluids have been adopted for the extraction
Our results indicated that the percentage yield of clove and cinnamon extracts were 18.9 and 1.9%, respectively, at critical temperature of 37 ◦ C, critical pressure of 300 bar, and an extraction time of 120 min
Summary
Denture stomatitis is a frequent condition affecting denture wearers that causes inflammation and redness of the oral mucosal tissues covered by the denture [1]. The etiology of denture stomatitis is not completely understood. Denture stomatitis is often associated with Candidal colonization, especially Candida albicans, conditions of the Creative Commons. Despite the availability of an increasing array of over-the-counter anti-fungal drugs, there is an alarming decrease in the success rate of treatment. This might be attributed to the development of anti-fungal resistance, the diverse resistance profile of Candida species, or the lack of patient compliance [4,5]
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