Abstract
In the current study, film based on semi-refined ι-carrageenan/cassava starch (SRiC/CS) incorporated with SiO2-ZnO nanoparticles was fabricated and characterized to deal with serious environmental problems resulting from plastic packaging materials. This study aimed to evaluate film properties with the variation of SRiC/CS proportions of bionanocomposite films for application to minced chicken meat packaging. Increasing CS portion contributed to increased transparency, reduced surface roughness, and decreased mechanical properties of films. The variable significantly (p < 0.05) increased the water vapor permeability (WVP) and reduced the water solubility of films. The incorporation of the nanoparticles significantly (p < 0.05) increased UV screening, decreased WVP, and enhanced the antimicrobial activity of films. Furthermore, the substitution of 0.5 wt% (weight percentage) CS provided the best film characteristics. Based on the color and the total volatile base nitrogen (TVBN) results, SRiC film incorporated with the nanoparticles preserved minced chicken quality up to six days. Thus, the developed films are desirable for biodegradable food packaging.
Highlights
Plastic is a multi-purpose and petrochemical-based material, which is non-degradable and causes environmental problems
Carrageenan is a linear sulfated polysaccharide that consists of a repeating disaccharide unit with 3,6-anhydrous-α-galactopyranose, which is a prospective material for biodegradable film [3]
The ester sulfate group is associated with the gelling capability of ι-carrageenan and κ-carrageenan, which does not exist in λ-carrageenan [4]
Summary
Plastic is a multi-purpose and petrochemical-based material, which is non-degradable and causes environmental problems. The investigation of biodegradable plastic/film is attractive for many researchers. Carrageenan is a linear sulfated polysaccharide that consists of a repeating disaccharide unit with 3,6-anhydrous-α-galactopyranose, which is a prospective material for biodegradable film [3]. Semirefined carrageenan-based film has not been widely studied due to impurities that affect the optical and mechanical properties of the film. The shorter processing steps of semirefined carrageenan than refined carrageenan still leave 20 to 30% of cellulosic and other residual plant debris constituents, which affect the optical and mechanical properties of the film. The development of semi-refined ι- or κ-carrageenan film incorporated with SiO2 or ZnO nanoparticles requires an alternative approach and food packaging application [7,8,9]
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