Abstract
The aim of this work was to obtain pH-dependent nanofibers with an electrospinning technique as a novel controlled release system for the treatment of periodontal disease (PD). Cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) was selected as a pH-sensitive and antimicrobial polymer. The NF was optimized according to polymeric dispersion variables, polymer, and drug concentration, and characterized considering morphology, diameter, entrapment efficiency (EE), process efficiency (PE), thermal properties, and release profiles. Two solvent mixtures were tested, and CHX-CAP-NF prepared with acetone/ethanol at 12% w/v of the polymer showed a diameter size of 934 nm, a uniform morphology with 42% of EE, and 55% of PE. Meanwhile, CHX-CAP-NF prepared with acetone/methanol at 11% w/v of polymer had a diameter of 257 nm, discontinuous nanofiber morphology with 32% of EE, and 40% of PE. EE and PE were dependent on the polymer concentration and the drug used in the formulation. Studies of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that the drug was dispersed in the NF matrix. The release profiles of CHX from CHX-CAP-NF followed Fickian diffusion dependent on time (t0.43−0.45), suggesting a diffusion–erosion process and a matrix behavior. The NF developed could be employed as a novel drug delivery system in PD.
Highlights
IntroductionThe electrospinning technique (ES) has recently attracted increasing interest and attention due to its functional versatility, cost-effectiveness, and potential to prepare polymeric nanofibers (NF) with applications in diverse industries (e.g., tapes, filtration technologies, energy generation, pharmaceutics, biomedical technologies, controlled release systems) [1,2,3,4].ES has the advantage of obtaining long continuous, three-dimensional, and ultrafine fibers with diameters in the range of nanometers to a few microns (more typically 100 nm to1 micron) and lengths up to kilometers
The electrospinning technique (ES) has recently attracted increasing interest and attention due to its functional versatility, cost-effectiveness, and potential to prepare polymeric nanofibers (NF) with applications in diverse industries [1,2,3,4].ES has the advantage of obtaining long continuous, three-dimensional, and ultrafine fibers with diameters in the range of nanometers to a few microns and lengths up to kilometers
A stable beads-on-string structure was formed due to the coiled macromolecules that are transformed by elongation flow of the jet into oriented, entangled networks that persist as the fiber solidifies
Summary
The electrospinning technique (ES) has recently attracted increasing interest and attention due to its functional versatility, cost-effectiveness, and potential to prepare polymeric nanofibers (NF) with applications in diverse industries (e.g., tapes, filtration technologies, energy generation, pharmaceutics, biomedical technologies, controlled release systems) [1,2,3,4].ES has the advantage of obtaining long continuous, three-dimensional, and ultrafine fibers with diameters in the range of nanometers to a few microns (more typically 100 nm to1 micron) and lengths up to kilometers. NF has extraordinary and unique properties such as: (a) unusually high surface area per unit mass; (b) very high porosity; (c) tunable pore size; (d) tunable surface properties; (e) layer thinness; (f) high permeability; (g) low basic weight; (h) ability to retain electrostatic charges; and (i) cost-effectiveness, among others These techniques create new sophisticated NF types with well-defined microstructures, Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 3202. As drug delivery systems (DDS), fiber mats have been very efficient for delivering hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs with functional and controllable dissolution properties [6,7,8,9,10,11] These can be used for several administration routes, including oral, topical, transdermal, and transmucosal
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