Abstract
The development and utilization of new energy sources has been extensively studied in the world. Here, we report the development of flexible self-supported metal-free electrodes based on non-oxidized graphene multilayer (MLG) paper containing the lead iodide nanoparticles (PbI2-NPs). The PbI2-NPs was obtained and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XDR) and Raman spectroscopy. Supercapacitor containing the PbI2-NPs in MLG electrodes was fabricated by a simple method and characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge-discharge techniques. The results show a flexible supercapacitor fashion reaching capacitance values of 154 F/g with high prospects in electronic area. Energy and power densities obtained for the pure MLG supercapacitor were 3.40 µWh cm-2 and 0.73 mW cm-2, respectively. Regarding to PbI2-NPs/MLG capacitor the energy and power density obtained were 3.50 Wh kg-1 and 1.10 kW kg-1. The results herein presented open the possibility to new energy storage devices using PbI2-NPs and MLG flexible supercapacitor configuration.
Highlights
In recent years, the development of alternative energy sources has become increasingly relevant 1,2, both in respect to improved energy efficiency 2, as a result of the rapid growth of portable electronic devices consumption, for example, as for view of the development of environmentally friendly energy sources 3
The aim of this work was to develop flexible electrochemical supercapacitors obtained from non-oxidized graphene multilayer papers modified with PbI2-NPs
PbI2 powder produced by Aldrich (99.999% of purity) was dissolved in DMF without any additives or stabilizers at 100 oC with concentration of 200 mg mL-1
Summary
The development of alternative energy sources has become increasingly relevant 1,2, both in respect to improved energy efficiency 2, as a result of the rapid growth of portable electronic devices consumption, for example, as for view of the development of environmentally friendly energy sources 3. Three types of materials are used in the supercapacitors construction: metal oxide 6,7, conducting polymers 8,9 and carbonaceous materials. Augusto et al.[15] developed a flexible and self-standing solid-state supercapacitor using multilayer graphene paper (MLG) electrodes, which presented specific capacitances up to 58,000-μF cm-2. The capacitance of this device was further improved (practically twice) by the incorporation of polyaniline (PAni), a conductive film. By the incorporation of this polymer there is the sum of the pseudo-capacitance mechanism (conducting polymer) to the electrical doublelayer capacitance (carbon-based materials), resulting in a hybrid supercapacitor . By the incorporation of this polymer there is the sum of the pseudo-capacitance mechanism (conducting polymer) to the electrical doublelayer capacitance (carbon-based materials), resulting in a hybrid supercapacitor . 12,15
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