Abstract
Developments in the field of materials science are contributing to providing solutions for the recycling of industrial residues to develop new materials. Such approaches generate new products and provide optimal alternatives to the final disposal of different types of industrial wastes. This research focused on identifying and characterizing slag, fly ash, and glass cullet from the Boyacá region in Colombia as raw materials for producing glass-ceramics, with the innovative aspect of the use of these three residues without the addition of nucleating agents to produce the glass-ceramics. To characterize the starting materials, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) techniques were used. The results were used to evaluate the best conditions to produce mixtures of the three waste components and to determine the specific compositions of glass-ceramics to achieve products with attractive technical properties for potential industrial applications. The proposed mixtures were based on three compositions: Mixture 1, 2, and 3. The materials were obtained through thermal treatment at 1200 °C in a tubular furnace in accordance with the results of a comprehensive characterization using thermal analysis. The microstructure, thermal stability, and structural characteristics of the samples were examined through SEM, differential thermal analysis (DTA), and XRD analyses, which showed that the main crystalline phases were diopside and anorthite, with a small amount of enstatite and gehlenite. The obtained glass-ceramics showed properties of technical significance for structural applications.
Highlights
The incorporation of industrial waste in production processes is receiving increasing interest, given that some industrial waste materials have physical–chemical properties that can be exploited to obtain new materials for technological or industrial applications, providing a better alternative to environmentally unfavorable waste disposal
The microstructure, thermal stability, and structural characteristics of the samples were examined through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses, which showed that the main crystalline phases were diopside and anorthite, with a small amount of enstatite and gehlenite
In the specific case of current work, the region of Boyacá (Colombia) has different thermoelectric power plants, steel industries, and many glass industries that are responsible for the generation of 800,000 tons of fly ash per year, in addition to other industrial wastes such as slag and glass cullet, of which at least 50,000 tons correspond to the Boyacá region [1]
Summary
The incorporation of industrial waste in production processes is receiving increasing interest, given that some industrial waste materials have physical–chemical properties that can be exploited to obtain new materials for technological or industrial applications, providing a better alternative to environmentally unfavorable waste disposal. In the case of glass cullet, approximately 5000 tons per year are derived from consumption and production processes in the Boyacá region: This residue can be completely recycled in order to exploit alternatives to its final disposal. It is evident, in accordance with the amount of waste generated in Boyacá, that these residues could be used as additives in the production of asphalt and concrete [9,10]. Glass-ceramic technology represents a versatile (materials science) approach to immobilizing various types of radioactive and dangerous wastes
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