Abstract
Ground seeds from three species of the genus Passiflora, P. ligularis, P. edulis Sims fo edulis, and P. mollissima, were obtained by extraction, drying, grinding, and sieving, and their physicochemical properties (morphology, hardness, and proximal analysis) were compared to those of commercial exfoliant seeds from passion fruit. Particle sizes between 0.5 and 1 mm were obtained, and their properties were similar to the commercial product except for the extractable material content that was higher. Subsequently, prototypes of an exfoliating cosmetic product were developed by using the ground seeds as the main active ingredient. Rheology characterization of samples enables to verify that the particles have minor effects on emulsion properties and that the emulsion is stable even after thermal treatment. In particular, the pH of the emulsion decreased when using the obtained ground seeds. This is consistent with the extraction and solvation of organic acids into the emulsion, in particular, alpha-hydroxy acids, which are present in high concentrations in Passiflora species. This indicates that the prepared emulsions could have a synergic chemical and physical exfoliating activity and could be used in cosmetic products.
Highlights
Passiflora is a genus with a large number of species mainly originating from north, central, and south America
The yield for P. mollissima was the lowest in comparison to the other two fruits that have a fairly similar yield. This is because P. mollissima has a much higher water and pulp content (>60% wt.) in comparison with P. ligularis and P. edulis Sims (44% wt.)
The pulp adhered to the seeds was not completely removed during the extraction process which enabled to retain of some of the alpha-hydroxy acids (AHA) presented in the fresh fruit
Summary
Passiflora is a genus with a large number of species mainly originating from north, central, and south America. Colombia has the highest biodiversity of Passiflora species in the world, with a record 167 species, 24% more than Brazil and more than double of those found in Peru and Venezuela [1]. Some of these species reached commercial relevance in the international market, and their production increased during recent years. A major share of fruits is lost in the production chain or not harvested. In this regard, the transformation and valorization of Passiflora products are paramount to enhancing the economic situation of rural producers
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