Development and characterization of co‐polyimide/attapulgite nanocomposites with highly enhanced thermal and mechanical properties

Abstract

A series of co‐polyimide/attapulgite (co‐PI/AT) nanocomposites have been successfully fabricated from anhydride‐terminated polyimide (PI) and γ‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES)‐modified fibrous attapulgite (AT). Co‐PI was prepared from 4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl ether (ODA), 4,4′‐oxydiphthalic anhydride (ODPA), and 2,2‐bis[4‐(3,4‐dicarboxyphenoxy)phenyl]propane dianhydride (BPADA) by using the method of chemical imidization. Different amount of AT (0, 1, 3, 5, 7 wt%) were introduced into co‐PI via strong covalent interactions between terminal anhydride and amino groups. The properties of co‐PI/AT nanocomposites such as morphology, thermal stability, mechanical properties, and UV transparency were investigated to illustrate the contribution of the introduction of AT into the PI matrix. FTIR spectra and SEM images revealed that network structures between co‐PI and AT are formed, which endowed the nanocomposites with outstanding thermal and mechanical properties. The co‐PI/AT nanocomposites exhibited excellent thermal and thermo‐oxidative stabilities with the onset decomposition temperature and 10% weight loss temperature increasing to the ranges of 502–510°C and 555–562°C from 480°C to 526°C for the pristine co‐PI, respectively. The glass transition temperatures of these co‐PI/AT nanocomposites increased to the range of 231–238°C from 222°C for pure co‐PI. The co‐PI/AT nanocomposites films were found to be transparent, flexible, and tough. By incorporating 5 wt% AT into the co‐PI matrix, the tensile strength, elongation at break, and Young's modulus of the co‐PI/AT nanocomposites reached 110.7 MPa, 14.5%, and 1.2 GPa, respectively, which are 50%, 120%, and 80% increased compared with the values of pristine PI. POLYM. COMPOS., 35:86–96, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers