Abstract
In tissue engineering, design of biomaterial with a micro/nano structure is an essential step to mimic extracellular matrix (ECM) and to enhance biomineralization as well as cell biocompatibility. Composite polymeric nanofiber with iron particles/ions has an important role in biomineralization and collagen synthesis for bone tissue engineering. Herein, we report development of polymeric cellulose acetate (CA) nanofibers (17 wt.%) and traces of iron acetates salt (0.5 wt.%) within a polymeric solution to form electrospinning nanofibers mats with iron nanoparticles for bone tissue engineering applications. The resulting mats were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The resulted morphology indicated that the average diameter of CA decreased after addition of iron from (395 ± 30) to (266 ± 19) nm and had dense fiber distributions that match those of native ECM. Moreover, addition of iron acetate to CA solution resulted in mats that are thermally stable. The initial decomposition temperature was 300 °C of CA/Fe mat > 270 °C of pure CA. Furthermore, a superior apatite formation resulted in a biomineralization test after 3 days of immersion in stimulated environmental condition. In vitro cell culture experiments demonstrated that the CA/Fe mat was biocompatible to human fetal-osteoblast cells (hFOB) with the ability to support the cell attachment and proliferation. These findings suggest that doping traces of iron acetate has a promising role in composite mats designed for bone tissue engineering as simple and economically nanoscale materials. Furthermore, these biomaterials can be used in a potential future application such as drug delivery, cancer treatment, and antibacterial materials.
Highlights
Tissue engineering has a great potential in the biomedical field by constructing biocompatible materials that can interact with living tissues and organs [1]
Several polymers have been applied in bone tissue engineering applications such as polycarprolactone (PCL) [10], polyamide-6,6, chitosan [11], nylon 6 [12], and hybrid polymers such as [13]
The presence of iron salt in electrospinning solution showed a dense fiber formation and subsequently fiber diameter was decreased with smooth surface morphology
Summary
Tissue engineering has a great potential in the biomedical field by constructing biocompatible materials that can interact with living tissues and organs [1]. Once engineered mats are implanted in the defect sites, they promote formation of tissue matrices and act as a mechanical support for the host tissues [4,5] These developed materials should have adequate biocompatibility and structure similar to that of the native ECM in order to enable cells to grow and differentiate to specific tissues similar to their natural counterpart [6]. There is an increase intention to create highly porous patches/mats with properties like that of the natural bone for orthopedic tissue engineering [7]. The main objective of the present work is to investigate and develop ionic co-substitution of iron ions/nanoparticles within CA nanofibers which can serve as useful biomaterials in terms of structure, chemical composition, biomineralization, and bioactivity properties for bone tissue engineering. Cell attachment on the outer mat surface was evaluated via FESEM
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