Abstract
Resorbable (Vicryl® Plus) sutures were coated with zinc-doped glass (Zn-BG) and silver-doped ordered mesoporous bioactive glass (Ag-MBG) particles by a dip coating technique. A multilayer approach was used to achieve robust coatings. The first coating was a polymeric layer (e.g., PCL or chitosan) and the second one was a composite made of BG particles in a polymer matrix. The coatings were characterized in terms of morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), in vitro bioactivity, and antibacterial properties. Chitosan/Ag-MBG coatings showed the ability to form hydroxyl-carbonate-apatite on their surfaces after immersion in SBF. An antibacterial effect against Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacteria was confirmed, highlighting the potential application of the coated sutures for antibiotic-free approaches.
Highlights
Due to their widespread application in medicine, e.g., routine skin laceration or organ transplantation [1,2], sutures are one of the largest groups of medical devices implanted in humans (250 million per year only in the USA) [3]
The slurry dipping technique was optimized for the coating of Vicryl® sutures with Ag-Mesoporous bioactive glasses (MBGs)
Qualitative analyses of the morphology and uniformity of the coatings were performed by visual inspection and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation of the glass particles attached on the surface of the samples
Summary
Due to their widespread application in medicine, e.g., routine skin laceration or organ transplantation [1,2], sutures are one of the largest groups of medical devices implanted in humans (250 million per year only in the USA) [3]. Prominent synthetic bio-resorbable materials used for sutures are polyglycolic acid (PGA), polylactic acid (PLA), or polyglycolide lactide copolymers (PLGA). One example for PLGA sutures is Vicryl® (Ethicon Inc., Edinburgh, Scotland), a widespread braided suture made of polyglactin 910, copolymer of glycolide, and lactide moieties at a ratio of 90:10. Sutures like Vicryl® are often used because of their good mechanical properties, high reproducibility, and minimal tissue reaction. Stamboulis et al [7] coated biodegradable sutures with bioactive glass (45S5 BG) to tailor biodegradability, to avoid a heterogeneous degradation and to improve the mechanical properties of the suture when exposed to body fluids. Pratten et al [1] coated Mersilk® (Ethicon Inc., Edinburgh, Scotland) sutures with Ag-doped BG by a conventional slurry-dipping technique. The coated sutures showed antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus epidermidis, limiting the bacteria adhesion to the surface of the samples
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