Abstract
Peri-implant infections are the most common cause of implant failure in modern dental implantology. These are caused by the formation of biofilms on the implant surface and consist of oral commensal and pathogenic bacteria, which harm adjacent soft and hard tissues and may ultimately lead to implant loss. In order to improve the clinical situation, there has to be a better understanding of biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces. Therefore, we successfully developed a system to cultivate an oral multispecies biofilm model in a flow chamber system, optimized for the evaluation of biofilm formation on solid materials by direct microscopic investigation. The model contains four relevant oral bacterial species: Streptococcus oralis, Actinomyces naeslundii, Veillonella dispar and Porphyromonas gingivalis in ratios similar to the native situation. The reliability of the developed “Hanoverian Oral Multispecies Biofilm Implant Flow Chamber” (HOBIC) model was verified. Biofilm volume and live/dead distribution within biofilms were determined by fluorescence staining and confocal laser scanning microcopy (CLSM). The individual species distribution was analyzed using quantitative real time PCR with propidium monoazide pretreatment (PMA-qRT-PCR) and by urea-NaCl fluorescence in situ hybridization (urea-NaCl-FISH). This in vitro model may be used to analyze biofilm formation on dental implants in more detail and to develop future implant systems with improved material properties.
Highlights
Due to demographic changes and increased life expectancy, the demand for biomedical products will increase steadily in the future
S. oralis, A. naeslundii, V. dispar and P. gingivalis were simultaneously grown in a bioreactor, which feeds the flow chamber system
Novel approaches to combatting this problem necessitate reliable test systems for the analysis of oral biofilm formation on medical implant materials
Summary
Due to demographic changes and increased life expectancy, the demand for biomedical products will increase steadily in the future. Their largest proportion by far is claimed by dental materials, with dental prostheses accounting for approximately 50% of them [1]. More than 1.2 million dental implants are currently inserted annually in Europe and this number is expected to increase [2]. Dental implants are among the implanted medical devices that suffer from the highest rate of implant-associated infection [3]. In the 5–10 years after implantation, peri-implantitis develops in up to 10% of implants and 20% of patients [4].
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