Development and characterization of an aluminum-enhanced graphene oxide nanocomposite: An Eco-friendly and sustainable catalyst for electrochemical Friedel-crafts reactions

Abstract

This study focuses on the development and characterization of an eco-friendly and sustainable aluminum-modified graphene oxide nanocomposite (AlNPs/GO-Gu) as a catalyst for electrochemical Friedel-Crafts reactions. The catalyst exhibits remarkable efficiency in the synthesis of benzophenone derivatives 4(a-l) through the reaction of benzoyl chloride 1(a-h) and benzene 2(a-f). The nanocomposite was thoroughly characterized using various analytical techniques, including Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDS). The results confirmed the successful integration of Al with graphene oxide, leading to modified catalytic activity. The electrochemical Friedel-Crafts reaction, mediated by this nanocomposite catalyst, demonstrates high selectivity and yields of benzophenone derivatives 4(a-l) in good to excellent yields (89–94 %). Moreover, this environmentally friendly approach avoids the use of hazardous reagents and promotes sustainable synthesis methodologies. The Al-modified graphene oxide nanocomposite exhibits excellent reusability, making it a promising candidate for green and sustainable organic synthesis processes. This research offers insights into the development of catalysts with improved catalytic performance while prioritizing environmental sustainability, creating fresh opportunities for the field of organic synthesis and catalysis.