Abstract
The poor aqueous solubility and low oral bioavailability of atorvastatin calcium pose significant challenges in optimising its therapeutic efficacy. This study explores the formulation of deep eutectic solvents (DES) to enhance the solubility and bioavailability of atorvastatin calcium for oral delivery. Various DES formulations were prepared using choline chloride, choline bitartrate, and selected carboxylic acids. The formulations were characterised through physicochemical analysis, including pH, drug content, particle size, zeta potential, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The most promising formulation, F12, exhibited a yellowish transparent appearance, a mean particle size of 74.21 nm, and a zeta potential of -22.3 mV, indicating good colloidal stability. In vitro drug release studies revealed a delayed release profile for F12 compared to the pure drug, potentially offering advantages in prolonged therapeutic effect and reduced dosing frequency. Kinetic modelling analysis suggested a diffusion-controlled release mechanism influenced by drug diffusion and polymer relaxation. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential of DES formulations in enhancing the solubility and bioavailability of atorvastatin calcium, paving the way for improved therapeutic outcomes and patient compliance.
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