Development and Body Composition of Quarter Horse Foals during Nursing

Monica Miranda Hunka,Elizabeth Regina Rodrigues Da Silva,Hélio Cordeiro Manso Filho,Lúcia Maia Cavalcante Ferreira,Ramona Bastos Bernardo,Helena Emília Cavalcanti Da Costa Cordeiro Manso

doi:10.4236/ojvm.2014.411033

Abstract

The monitoring and development of foals, based on biometric indices, and the determination of body composition could be important for genetic improvement and the elaboration of nutritional plans for horses. Considering that little information was available, the aim of the present study was to assess the growth and determine the body composition of suckling Quarter Horse foals. Animals (n = 46) of both sexes were monitored monthly from birth until the fifth month of age, using an ultrasound device and the following measurements: Wither Height (WH); Chest Perimeter (CP); Cannon Bone Circumference (CBC) Cannon Bone Girth (CG); Body Mass (BM); and Rump Fat Thickness (RFT). These tests determined the Fat-Free Mass (FFM), BM, Fat Percentage (FP) and Fat Thickness (FT). The data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey’s test, with differences considered statistically significant when P ≤ 0.05. The results demonstrated that the parameters analyzed changed significantly during the study period. The BM was ~41 at birth and ~177 kg at the point of weaning. Conversely, the FM was ~3.8 at birth and 18.1 kg at the point of weaning. The FFM was ~37 and ~160 kg at the time of birth and weaning, respectively. The FP varied from 9.3 at birth to 9.54 at weaning. The mean FT was ~1.39 and ~1.91 cm at birth and weaning, respectively. The WH measured ~91 at birth and 116 cm at weaning. In conclusion, suckling foals gain BM quickly from the time of birth to the time of weaning. The main cause of this gain is FFM. Therefore, due to the significant changes in the parameters studied herein, it is important to monitor these values in order to prevent nutritional imbalances.

Highlights

The growth and development of foals are directly related to genetic potential and other factors such as nutrition and exercise, which are regulated by hormonal control
Knowledge of the development of foals could be important for nutritional and breeding plans. It could indicate the athletic potential of these animals in adulthood, which favors analysis and adjustments to the variables that impair the appropriate growth of the foal
The gains recorded for Body Mass (BM), Fat Mass (FM) and Fat-Free Mass (FFM) from birth to weaning were 135.9, 13 and 123 kg, respectively

Summary

Introduction

The growth and development of foals are directly related to genetic potential and other factors such as nutrition and exercise, which are regulated by hormonal control. These parameters should be in equilibrium to ensure a satisfactory performance on behalf of the animal during its adult life. Knowledge of the development of foals could be important for nutritional and breeding plans. It could indicate the athletic potential of these animals in adulthood, which favors analysis and adjustments to the variables that impair the appropriate growth of the foal

Objectives

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion